???? ID: 128233 - ????? ???????: 02 ?????? 2010 - ??????: 4.0

Windows NT ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????

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?????? ??????This article applies to a different operating system than the one you are using. Article content that may not be relevant to you is disabled.

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Windows NT ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? Microsoft ?? "Premier ?????" ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???
????? ?? ???? ????

???? ???????

Windows NT ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????

????? ?? ???? ????

????????? ??????

Microsoft ??? ??????????? ??????? (i.e., ?????????) Windows NT 3.5 ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??: TCP/IP, NWLink ?? NBF. Windows NT 3.5 ?? ???? DLC ?????????, ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? TCP/IP, NWLink ?? NBF ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? TCP/IP, ????? SPX/IPX ?? IBM NetBEUI ??????? ????????? ??????, ?? respectively ??????????? Windows NT ??????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? protocol(s) ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? Windows NT 3.5 ??????????? ?????????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ???

???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????, ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????, ?? ????????, merits ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? Microsoft ???????

Windows NT ??????? NWLink ???????? ??? ??, ??????? ??????? IPX ?? ????????? PC ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ???????, ?????????? setup.inf ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? TCP/IP ?? NBF NWLink ?? ?????????? imply ?????

????? ???: Windows NT 3.51 ?????? ??? TCP/IP ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???

???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??:

  • ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????
  • ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????
  • ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????
????? ?? ???? ????

Windows NT ??????????? ??????? ???????????

??????? ??? ?????/?????? ?????? (NetBIOS) ????, ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? IBM ?? ??? Sytek ?????? 1983 ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??:

  • ?? ???? ???? ??????? i/O ?? ???????? directives ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? API ?????? ???????? NetBIOS ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? (NCBs)?
  • ?? ???? ???????/???? ?????? ????????? NetBIOS ?????? ???? ????????? (NBFP)? ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? i/O ???? ?? ??? NetBIOS ???????? ???? ?? ??? NBFP ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???
??????? ????? ?? ??? API NetBIOS ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?? NetBIOS ??????? exposes ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??, ?? NBFP (????, TCP/IP ?? IPX) ?? ??????????? ???? NetBIOS ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? NetBIOS ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???

???? ?? ?????? 16 ??? Windows, MS DOS ?? Microsoft Network ????????? ?? OS/2 ???????, Windows NT ??????????? ??????? NetBIOS ??????? ???? ??????; ???? ????, ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? (TDI) ??????? Windows NT TDI ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? NetBIOS ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? NetBIOS ????????? ????? ???? ??? Windows NT ??????? ??? ?????? TDI ???? ?? ?????, ???? NetBIOS ????, ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????

TDI ??????? NetBIOS ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? NBF ???? ?? natively NBFP ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? NBFP implement ??? NetBIOS ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? NetBIOS ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???, ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????

Windows NT ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? OSI ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????????: Some ???? ??? ??????; ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????; ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? LLC ?? ??? ??? ?? constitutes TDI ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? 3.0 (NDIS) ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? DLC ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? Windows NT ??????????? ??????? TDI ??????? TDI ??????? ?????????, ???? ?? Windows NT ????????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? NDIS ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? (NIC) ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????

????? ?? ???? ????

Windows NT ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????????

NBF (NetBEUI)

IBM ???????? ???? 1985 ??? NetBIOS ????????? ?????????? ???????? (NetBEUI) ????????? ???? ??? ?? departmental ???? ?? LAN ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? Windows NT NetBEUI ????? (NBF) ??????????? ??????? IBM NetBEUI 3.0 ????????? ???? ???? ??, ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? Microsoft ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? shipped NetBEUI ?? ??? ???? ??? NBF NBFP ???? ???? ??, ?? ????? ??? NetBIOS ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???

TCP/IP

Windows NT ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????/??????? ????????? (TCP/IP) ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???, ?? ?? TCP/IP ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP ?? ARP. TCP/IP ?? diverse ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? UNIX, MVS, VM, VMS, NetWare ?? OS/2 ?????? ??, ??????? Windows NT ????? ?? ???? TCP/IP ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? TCP/IP ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? TCP/IP ??? Microsoft ?? ???? ????????? scaleable Windows-?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? Windows NT TCP/IP ??????????? ??????? TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP, ARP ?? NBT ????? ???? Microsoft redesigned ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ????????????? ?????? Windows NT 3.1 ??? TCP/IP ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??, Windows NT 3.5 ??? TCP/IP ??????????? ??????? ??? TCP/IP ?? ??? NetBIOS ?????? ??? NetBIOS TCP/IP (Windows NT 3.5 ??? NetBT; Windows NT 3.1 ??? NBT) ?? ???

NWLink (IPX)

????? NetWare ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? PC ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? NetWare ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? IPX, ??????? XNS ????????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? descendant ??? Microsoft NWLink ??????????? ???????, IPX, SPX, RIPX ?? NBIPX ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? NetWare ????????? ???? ???? ??? NWLink ?? ??? NetBIOS ?????? ??? ?? IPX, ?? ???? NBIPX (Windows NT 3.5 ??? NwLnkNb; Windows NT 3.1 ??? NWNBLink) NetBIOS ???

????? ?? ???? ????

??????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????

?? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? Windows NT ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??:

  • ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????
  • ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????
  • ??????????????
  • ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? simplicity
  • ??????? segmentation
  • ?????? ??????
  • ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????
  • ??????? ???????
  • ??????? ?????? ???????
  • ?????? ??????????
  • ????????
  • ????????? ???????????? ??????
???? ????? ???, ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???, ?? ???-?? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? Applicability ?? foregoing ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??:

  • ??????? ?? ????
  • ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????
  • Homogeneous ?? heterogeneous ?????
  • ??????? ??????????? ??????????
  • ????????? ???????????? ??????????
  • ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? expertise
?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????

???? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? experienced ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? 1994 ??? ????????, Inc. Sage Fortune 500 ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?? 250 ????? ?? ??? LAN backbones ?????? ???? ?? ?? study ?? ?? ??? ???? study concluded ?? ?? TCP/IP ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????????, ?? 95% ?? ?? SPX/IPX 87% ?? ????? ???? ???? ???

  • NetBEUI ?? ????? Microsoft ?? IBM PC ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???
  • TCP/IP widely ??????? ?? ????, ??????? ?? ???? UNIX ?? ??? PC ????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???
  • SPX/IPX ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? PC ??????? ???????? ??? ???
???? ??? ?? ????????? ???????????

???? ????????? ??????????? programmers ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? paying ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???

  • NetBEUI ?? IBM ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???????, IBM ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????
  • TCP/IP ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? TCP/IP ????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??? RFCs ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? RFCs ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? (IETF) consideration ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????
  • SPX/IPX ?? ?????, ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? NCP ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???????, ????? ????? ?? ??? SPX II ????????? ???????
??????????????

???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? Windows NT provides native support for NetBEUI, TCP/IP and SPX/IPX through the NBF, TCP/IP and NWLink transport drivers.

  • NetBEUI is limited almost exclusively to Microsoft and IBM PC networks: Microsoft LAN Manager, Windows NT, Windows for Workgroups; LAN Manager for UNIX; and IBM PCLAN and LAN Server environments.
  • TCP/IP ???? ??????? ???? ?? Windows NT, UNIX, NetWare, VMS, VM, MVS, MS DOS, Macintosh ?? OS/2 ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? NetWare/IP ????? ????? TCP/IP-???? ?????????, ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? NetWare NetWare ?? ??????? ??? SPX/IPX ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????, NetWare/IP NetWare ?? ??? ??? IP ???? ??; ?? NCP, ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? IPX (?? emulated IPX) ?? ???????? ?? IPX ????? emulates ???? ??? ????? ?? ???, Windows NT ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????, ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? SMBs ?? ??? ???
  • IPX ??? ????? NetWare ?? ??? ????????? ??? ???????, SPX/IPX ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??: Microsoft NWLink ?? ??? Windows NT ?????? ???? ??; TGV IPX DEC VMS ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??; ????? UnixWare ?? IPX ???????? ???? ???
??????????? ?? ?????????????? ?? simplicity

???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? desire simplicity ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??, ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? personnel ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? Windows NT 3.5 ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????, Microsoft exposes ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????

  • NBF ?? ?? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???
  • TCP/IP ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ????? (????) ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? burden ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? Windows NT 3.5 ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????? (DHCP), ?? ???? ???? transparently ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? DHCP ??????? ??? ???????? IP ??????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??, ?? ???????? ??? ?? IP ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????, DHCP ???? ????? ????? ?? DHCP ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???
  • NWLink ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??? IPX ??? ?? ??? ID ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? MAC ??? NIC. ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ID eliminates ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??, ????????
??????? Segmentation

???? ??????? ?? ?????????? desire ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? differentiate ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ???, ??????? subnetworks ?? smarter ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? manageable ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???

  • NetBEUI ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??, ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? differentiating ?? ??? ???
  • TCP/IP ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? segmented logically ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? IP ??? ?? ??????? ID ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? subnetworks ??? subnetworks ?? ??????? ????? IP subnetworks logically ???, ????? smaller subnetworks ??? ???? ??????? segment ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???
  • Simple ??? IPX ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? segmented logically ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???????, IPX ??????? ID ?????????? ??; ?? subcomponents ??? ??? ???? ???
?????? ??????

??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??? Routable ????????? ????, ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????????: ?????? ????? IP ?? IPX natively routable ???; ?? ?????? ???? encapsulation ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? employ interior ????? ????????? ??? ??? autonomous ??????? (i.e., ?? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????) ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? (IGPs) ??? ???? ??????? IGPs ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? (RIP), ?? optimum ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? vector ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? RIP ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? IP ?? IPX ??? XNS RIP ?????? ??????? Corporation ?? Palo Alto ??? ?????? (PARC) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????

  • NetBEUI routable ???? ??? NBF ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????, ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? OSI ??????? ?? ?????
  • TCP/IP ??????? RIP, ???? Cisco Systems' Interior ????? ?????? ????????? (IGRP), ?? IETF ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? (OSPF) ????????? IGPs ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????-???? ?????? ?????? routeable ??? ??? ?? Windows NT ????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ???????, ??? MPR ??????? ??, ?? Windows NT ????? RIP. ???????? ?? ???? ??? Windows NT ?? ??? ??? TCP/IP ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? IP ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????
  • Windows NT ?? IPX ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??, ????? IPX ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? inter. NWLink ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? IPX (RIPX) ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? SPX ?? NBIPX ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? NWLink ??? ?? ???? ??, ?? ?? ?? IPX ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? RIPX ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? RIP ????? ?? ??? NetWare ????? ??????????? ???? ??? RIPX ??????????? ???? ??, NWLink ??????? ???? ?? ??? 0 ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? IPX ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???
??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????

??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? simplicity ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? impact discussed ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??, ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???

NetBIOS ??? ?? ??????

??? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? NetBIOS ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???

NetBIOS ??? ??????????

???? ???? ??? (MAC) ???? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??? (NetBIOS ?? ????? ????? ???) ultimately ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??, ?? NetBIOS ??? natively ??????? ???? ???? NetBIOS ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???, ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???

  • NBF natively NetBIOS ??? ?? ????? ???? ??, ?? ?????? MAC ??? ?? ???? ???
  • TCP/IP, ??? NetBT IP ????, ?? ARP ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? MAC ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? NetBIOS ??? ??????? ???? ???
  • NWLink, ??? NBIPX IPX ??? ???? ?? ??? NetBIOS ??? ??????? ???? ??? IPX ??? ?????? MAC ??? ????? ID ?? ??? ??? ????? IPX ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???
????? ??? ?????? ?????

Windows ??????? ?????????, ?? ??? TCP/IP IP ????, ?? MAC ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???

??????? ???????

????? impacts ??????? ?? ?????????? (????? ???????) ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??, ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? cycles consumes ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?? suited ????????: ????

??? ??????? ???????

NetBIOS names must be registered to ensure that each name is unique. All transport drivers use broadcast, with one exception. In TCP/IP, WINS clients send directed name registration request to the WINS server. Non WINS clients may use WINS proxy agent for name resolution, but rely on broadcast for name registration. The MS DOS WINS clients send directed name resolution requests to the WINS server, but rely on broadcast for name registration.

Name Resolution Broadcasts

Name resolution may be accomplished by broadcast, cached mappings, lookup in a local mapping file or query a name service.

  • NBF does not cache NetBIOS names that have already been resolved to MAC addresses. NBF also does not use a mapping file or name service. Therefore, NBF will generate multicast activity each time a link to another station is re established.
  • TCP/IP in Windows NT 3.5 provides many options for name resolution, resulting in few broadcasts if configured properly. For NetBIOS name resolution, TCP/IP can use cache, LMHOSTS lookup, WINS query, broadcast, DNS query and HOSTS lookup. For host name resolution, TCP/IP can use all of these methods except cache. Regardless of the method used for resolving NetBIOS and host names, IP must resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses. This final resolution stage is accomplished by ARP cache or ARP broadcast.
  • NWLink uses broadcast to resolve names to addresses. However, NWLink reduces name resolution broadcast activity by caching NetBIOS name to IPX address mappings. NWLink does not use an address mapping file or name service. A future version may implement a name service similar to WINS or DNS.
Router Broadcasts

NetBEUI routable ???? ??, ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? IP ?? IPX ???? ?? RIP ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? IP ??????? ???????? 30 ?????; IPX, ???????? 60 ????? ??? ??? NetWare ????? ????? ?????? inherently ???, ?? ????? RIP ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? IP RIP ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? RIP ???????; ????? ???? ????? ?? ??: ???? ????????? ??? IP ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? whereas IP ?????? ?????? ???? ???????????, IP RIP ???? ?? ????? IPX RIP, ???????????? IP ?? IPX ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? RIP ??????? ????

SAP ???????

???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? IPX ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? IPX ????? ???? ???????? ????????? (SAP) ?? ????? ????? IPX ????? ??, ????? ???? ????, ????? ???????? 60 ????? SAP ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? SAP ?? ????? ????? ?? SAP ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? WAN ???? ?? ??? NWLink SAP ??????? ????? ???? ???

?? ?????? ?? NetWare ?? ???, SAP ??????? ???? ????? ?? NetWare ???? ???? ????????? (NLSP) ??? ???? Multiprotocol ???? (MPR) ?? ??? NetWare 4.x. NLSP couples ????? ?? SAP ?????? ?? ??? ????? OSPF-?????? ??????? ???? RIP ?? SAP ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? overhead ???????? ?? ?? ?????

DHCP ?? ???????

DHCP ????? ?? IP ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????, DHCP ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? DHCP ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? accomplishes ??? ??????? IP ??? DHCP ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??, ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? directed ????? ??????? DHCP ????? autonomously ??? ???? ???, ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? DHCP ????? ?? ????

WINS ?????????

WINS ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????, WINS ?????? WINS ????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? introduce ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???, ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???

??????? ?????? ??????????

  • NBF ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????
  • TCP/IP ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???, ????? ????? ?????? ????, ????? Quench, ??? ???? ICMP ?? ????? ?????
  • IPX ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? IPX ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ???? TCP/IP ?? ICMP ??? ?? IPX ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??, ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??, ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???
?????? ??????????

??????? ?????????? desire ????????: ?? ???? ?????? footprint, ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?? characteristic ?????????? ????

  • NBF ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???
  • TCP/IP ?? IPX ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??, ????? NBF ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???
????????

????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???

  • NBF tuned ???? LAN ????? ?? ??? ??, ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? WANs ????? ???
  • TCP/IP ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? NBF ????? ???? ??? TCP/IP ??????? Windows NT 3.1 ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? NBF ???????????? ???? ??? ???????, re TCP/IP ??? ??????? ???? Windows NT 3.5 ???? NBF ?? ???? ???
  • NWLink ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? NBF ????? ???? ??? NWLink ??????? Windows NT 3.1 ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? NBF ???????????? ???? ??? ???????, re ??? NWLink ??????? ???? Windows NT 3.5 ???? NBF ?? ???? ???
  • IPX/SPX ??????????? ?? ????? (?????????-???????) ??????? ???, ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? "????? burst" ?? "SPX II" ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????
  • IPX ???? ????? TCP/IP ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???, ?? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? TCP/IP ?? ???? ???
????????? ???????????? ??????

  • NBF NetBIOS, ???? ??????, Mailslot, NetDDE, NetBIOS ?? RPC, ?? ??? ?????? ???????????? NBFP ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? RPC ????? ???? ??? NBF ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? RPC ???????????? ????? ???
  • TCP/IP ????? ????? ?? RPC ??????? ????????? ?? TCP ?? UDP ???????????? ?? ??? TCP/IP ???? NetBIOS ??? ??????, Mailslot, NetDDE, RPC NetBIOS ?? RPC ?? ???? ?????? NBT ?? ???????????? ?? ???
  • IPX ????? ????? ?? RPC SPX ?? IPX ?? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? IPX ???? NetBIOS ??? ??????, Mailslot, NetDDE, RPC NetBIOS ?? RPC ?? ???? ?????? NBIPX ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? IPX ???? ????? IDs ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? IPX ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? NBIPX ?? ?????? ???? IPX ?? ??? ?? ???? i/O ?? ??? ???????? ????? realize ???? ?? ??? IPX ?? ?????? ???? ???

       API                    TCP/IP          NWLink          NBF
   --------------------   -------------   -------------   ---
   NetBIOS                Yes (NBT)       Yes (NBIPX)     Yes
   Named Pipes            Yes (NBT)       Yes (NBIPX)     Yes
   Mailslot               Yes (NBT)       Yes (NBIPX)     Yes
   NetDDE                 Yes (NBT)       Yes (NBIPX)     Yes
   Sockets                Yes (TCP/UDP)   Yes (SPX/IPX)   No
   RPC over NetBIOS       Yes (NBT)       Yes (NBIPX)     Yes
   RPC over Named Pipes   Yes (NBT)       Yes (NBIPX)     Yes
   RPC over Sockets       Yes (TCP/UDP)   Yes (SPX/IPX)   No
???? ?????

?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? InterNIC ?? ???? ??????? ID ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? IP ???? ?? ??????? ????? rapidly ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? (IETF) ?? formed IP ??????? 4 ??? ?????? Estimation (IPv4 ALE) ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? IPv4 ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? IETF ?? ?? IP ??????? 6 (IPv6), ?? ???? IP ???? ?????? (IPng), ??????? IPv4 ?? ???????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? IPng ?? IPv4 ??? ?? ??? ?????? (32 ?????) sixteen ?????? (128 ???) ?? ???? ???????, ?? ????? controversy IPng ???

????? ?? ???? ????

??????

Characteristic             TCP/IP           NWLink           NBF
Industry Acceptance        Most popular,    Primary protocol Limited to IBM
and Experience             especially in    in PC networks   & Microsoft PC
                           non PC networks                   networks
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Open vs. Proprietary       Open             Proprietary      Proprietary,
Specification                                                but published</H3>
Interoperability           Available on     Available on     Limited to IBM
                           nearly every     many platforms   &amp; Microsoft PC
                           platform                          networks
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Simplicity of Client       Can be           Simple           Simple
Configuration              difficult
Simplicity of              Can be           Simple           Simple
Administration             difficult
Network Segmentation:

   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Differentiates          Yes              No               No
   Between Networks
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Hierarchy of Subnets    Yes              Yes              No
   within Networks

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Capabilities       Native           Native           No
Name Resolution Requirements:

   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Application Layer to    Resolves host    Resolves         Uses NetBIOS
   Network Layer           or NetBIOS name  NetBIOS name     names natively
                           to  IP address   to IPX address

   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Network Layer to        Resolves IP      IPX address      Resolves
   Data Link Layer         address to MAC   contains MAC     NetBIOS name
                           address          address          to MAC address
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Network Traffic:
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   NetBIOS Name            WINS, Broadcast  Broadcast        Broadcast
   Registration
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   NetBIOS Name            Cache, WINS,     Cache,           Multicast
   Resolution              WINS Proxy,      Broadcast
                           LMHOSTS,
                           Broadcast,
                           HOSTS, DNS
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Router Broadcasts       Dynamic routers  Dynamic routers  N/A
                           issue RIP        &amp; NetWare file
                           broadcasts       servers issue
                           every 30         RIP broadcasts
                           seconds          every 60 seconds
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   SAP Broadcasts          N/A              IPX servers      N/A
                                            issue SAP
                                            broadcasts every
                                            60 seconds.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   DHCP Broadcasts         Client IP        N/A              N/A
                           configuration
                           negotiated via
                           broadcast.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WINS Replication        Replication      N/A              N/A
                           traffic when
                           using multiple
                           WINS servers
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Network Status Reporting   Yes              No               No
Performance:
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Small LANs              Fast             Fast             Fastest
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   File and Print          Fast             Fastest          Fast
   Operations
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Application Services    Fastest          Fast             Fast
---------------------------------------------------------------------------


????? ?? ???? ????

??????

  • Windows NT 3.5 ????????? ?? ????? ????????????, ?????? 2
  • Windows NT ????? TCP/IP
  • Windows NT NetWare ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????
  • ????? IPX ???? ????????, ????? ??? 107-000029-001 ??????
  • IBM LAN ?????? ??????, IBM ?????????, 39F9353, SC30-3383-03
  • TCP/IP, ??? ?? ??? internetworking ???? ?? Douglas E. Comer ?????? II
????? ?? ???? ????
???? ???? ???? ??:
  • Microsoft Windows NT Workstation 3.1
  • Microsoft Windows NT Workstation 3.5
????? ?? ???? ????
??????: 
kbnetwork kbmt KB128233 KbMthi
????? ?? ???? ????
???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????
??????????: ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? Microsoft ????-?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??. Microsoft ???? ??? ????-???????? ?? ????-???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??. ???????, ????-???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???. ?????, ????????, ?????-???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???, ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??. Microsoft ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????, ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??. Microsoft ????-?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??.
?????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??:128233  (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/128233/en-us/ )
????? ?? ???? ????