This article describes how to rotate a SQL Server table. Suppose you
have a table that is named
QTRSALES. The table has the columns YEAR, QUARTER, and AMOUNT with the data in the following format (note that there is no row for the fourth quarter of 1996):
Year Quarter Amount
-------------------------------
1995 1 125,000.90
1995 2 136,000.75
1995 3 212,000.34
1995 4 328,000.82
1996 3 728,000.35
1996 2 422,000.13
1996 1 328,000.82
Now, suppose you want to rotate the table so that you can see the data in the following format:
YEAR Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 125,000.90 136,000.75 212,000.34 328,000.82
1996 328,000.82 422,000.13 728,000.35 0.00
The query that you would use to rotate the table is in the next section of this article.
Sample Query to Rotate the Table
Here is the query that you would use to rotate the table:
SELECT YEAR,
Q1= ISNULL((SELECT AMOUNT FROM QTRSALES WHERE QUARTER = 1 AND YEAR =
Q.YEAR),0),
Q2= ISNULL((SELECT AMOUNT FROM QTRSALES WHERE QUARTER = 2 AND YEAR =
Q.YEAR),0),
Q3= ISNULL((SELECT AMOUNT FROM QTRSALES WHERE QUARTER = 3 AND YEAR =
Q.YEAR),0),
Q4= ISNULL((SELECT AMOUNT FROM QTRSALES WHERE QUARTER = 4 AND YEAR =
Q.YEAR),0)
FROM QTRSALES Q
GROUP BY YEAR
Query for Large Tables
For large tables, this query will be faster:
year=q.year,
SUM(CASE quarter WHEN 1 THEN amount ELSE 0 END) as Q1,
SUM(CASE quarter WHEN 2 THEN amount ELSE 0 END) as Q2,
SUM(CASE quarter WHEN 3 THEN amount ELSE 0 END) as Q3,
SUM(CASE quarter WHEN 4 THEN amount ELSE 0 END) as Q4
FROM qtrsales q
GROUP BY year
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