How To Draw TrueType Glyph Outlines

/****************************************************************************
 *  FUNCTION   : IntFromFixed
 *  RETURNS    : int value approximating the FIXED value.
 ****************************************************************************/ 
int PASCAL NEAR IntFromFixed(FIXED f)
{
    if (f.fract >= 0x8000)
    return(f.value + 1);
    else
    return(f.value);
}

/****************************************************************************
 *  FUNCTION   : fxDiv2
 *  RETURNS    : (val1 + val2)/2 for FIXED values
 ****************************************************************************/ 
FIXED PASCAL NEAR fxDiv2(FIXED fxVal1, FIXED fxVal2)
{
    long l;

    l = (*((long far *)&(fxVal1)) + *((long far *)&(fxVal2)))/2;
    return(*(FIXED *)&l);
}

/****************************************************************************
 *  FUNCTION   : MakeBezierFromLine
 *
 *  PURPOSE    : Converts a line define by two points to a four point Bezier
 *               spline representation of the line in pPts.
 *
 *
 *  RETURNS    : number of Bezier points placed into the pPts POINT array.
 ****************************************************************************/ 
UINT MakeBezierFromLine( POINT *pPts, POINT startpt, POINT endpt )
{
    UINT cTotal = 0;

    // starting point of Bezier
    pPts[cTotal] = startpt;
    cTotal++;

    // 1rst Control, pt == endpoint makes Bezier a line
    pPts[cTotal].x = endpt.x;
    pPts[cTotal].y = endpt.y;
    cTotal++;

    // 2nd Control, pt == startpoint makes Bezier a line
    pPts[cTotal].x = startpt.x;
    pPts[cTotal].y = startpt.y;
    cTotal++;

    // ending point of Bezier
    pPts[cTotal] = endpt;
    cTotal++;
    
    return cTotal;
}

/****************************************************************************
 *  FUNCTION   : MakeBezierFromQBSpline
 *
 *  PURPOSE    : Converts a quadratic spline in pSline to a four point Bezier
 *               spline in pPts.
 *
 *
 *  RETURNS    : number of Bezier points placed into the pPts POINT array.
 ****************************************************************************/ 
UINT MakeBezierFromQBSpline( POINT *pPts, POINTFX *pSpline )
{
    POINT   P0,         // Quadratic on curve start point
            P1,         // Quadratic control point
            P2;         // Quadratic on curve end point
    UINT    cTotal = 0;

    // Convert the Quadratic points to integer
    P0.x = IntFromFixed( pSpline[0].x );
    P0.y = IntFromFixed( pSpline[0].y );
    P1.x = IntFromFixed( pSpline[1].x );
    P1.y = IntFromFixed( pSpline[1].y );
    P2.x = IntFromFixed( pSpline[2].x );
    P2.y = IntFromFixed( pSpline[2].y );

    // conversion of a quadratic to a cubic

    // Cubic P0 is the on curve start point
    pPts[cTotal] = P0;
    cTotal++;
    
    // Cubic P1 in terms of Quadratic P0 and P1
    pPts[cTotal].x = P0.x + 2*(P1.x - P0.x)/3;
    pPts[cTotal].y = P0.y + 2*(P1.y - P0.y)/3;
    cTotal++;

    // Cubic P2 in terms of Qudartic P1 and P2
    pPts[cTotal].x = P1.x + 1*(P2.x - P1.x)/3;
    pPts[cTotal].y = P1.y + 1*(P2.y - P1.y)/3;
    cTotal++;

    // Cubic P3 is the on curve end point
    pPts[cTotal] = P2;
    cTotal++;

    return cTotal;
}


/****************************************************************************
 *  FUNCTION   : AppendPolyLineToBezier
 *
 *  PURPOSE    : Converts line segments into their Bezier point 
 *               representation and appends them to a list of Bezier points. 
 *
 *               WARNING - The array must have at least one valid
 *               start point prior to the address of the element passed.
 *
 *  RETURNS    : number of Bezier points added to the POINT array.
 ****************************************************************************/ 
UINT AppendPolyLineToBezier( LPPOINT pt, POINTFX start, LPTTPOLYCURVE lpCurve )
{
    int     i;
    UINT    cTotal = 0;
    POINT   endpt;
    POINT   startpt;
    POINT   bezier[4];

    endpt.x = IntFromFixed(start.x);
    endpt.y = IntFromFixed(start.y);

    for (i = 0; i < lpCurve->cpfx; i++)
    {
        // define the line segment
        startpt = endpt;
        endpt.x = IntFromFixed(lpCurve->apfx[i].x);
        endpt.y = IntFromFixed(lpCurve->apfx[i].y);

        // convert a line to a bezier representation
        MakeBezierFromLine( bezier, startpt, endpt );

        // append the Bezier to the existing ones
                                    // Point 0 is Point 3 of previous.
        pt[cTotal++] = bezier[1];   // Point 1
        pt[cTotal++] = bezier[2];   // Point 2
        pt[cTotal++] = bezier[3];   // Point 3

    }

    return cTotal;
}


/****************************************************************************
 *  FUNCTION   : AppendQuadBSplineToBezier
 *
 *  PURPOSE    : Converts Quadratic spline segments into their Bezier point 
 *               representation and appends them to a list of Bezier points. 
 *
 *               WARNING - The array must have at least one valid
 *               start point prior to the address of the element passed.
 *
 *  RETURNS    : number of Bezier points added to the POINT array.
 ****************************************************************************/ 
UINT AppendQuadBSplineToBezier( LPPOINT pt, POINTFX start, LPTTPOLYCURVE lpCurve )
{
    WORD                i;
    UINT                cTotal = 0;
    POINTFX             spline[3];  // a Quadratic is defined by 3 points
    POINT               bezier[4];  // a Cubic by 4

    // The initial A point is on the curve.
    spline[0] = start;

    for (i = 0; i < lpCurve->cpfx;)
    {
        // The B point.
        spline[1] = lpCurve->apfx[i++];

        // Calculate the C point.
        if (i == (lpCurve->cpfx - 1))
        {
            // The last C point is described explicitly
            // i.e. it is on the curve.
            spline[2] = lpCurve->apfx[i++];
        }     
        else
        {
            // C is midpoint between B and next B point
            // because that is the on curve point of 
            // a Quadratic B-Spline.
            spline[2].x = fxDiv2(
                lpCurve->apfx[i-1].x,
                lpCurve->apfx[i].x
                );
            spline[2].y = fxDiv2(
                lpCurve->apfx[i-1].y,
                lpCurve->apfx[i].y
                );
        }

        // convert the Q Spline to a Bezier
        MakeBezierFromQBSpline( bezier, spline );
        
        // append the Bezier to the existing ones
                                    // Point 0 is Point 3 of previous.
        pt[cTotal++] = bezier[1];   // Point 1
        pt[cTotal++] = bezier[2];   // Point 2
        pt[cTotal++] = bezier[3];   // Point 3

        // New A point for next slice of spline is the 
        // on curve C point of this B-Spline
        spline[0] = spline[2];
    }

    return cTotal;
}

/****************************************************************************
 *  FUNCTION   : CloseContour
 *
 *  PURPOSE    : Adds a bezier line to close the circuit defined in pt.
 *
 *
 *  RETURNS    : number of points aded to the pt POINT array.
 ****************************************************************************/ 
UINT CloseContour( LPPOINT pt, UINT cTotal )
{
    POINT               endpt, 
                        startpt;    // definition of a line
    POINT               bezier[4];

    // connect the first and last points by a line segment
    startpt = pt[cTotal-1];
    endpt = pt[0];

    // convert a line to a bezier representation
    MakeBezierFromLine( bezier, startpt, endpt );

    // append the Bezier to the existing ones
                                // Point 0 is Point 3 of previous.
    pt[cTotal++] = bezier[1];   // Point 1
    pt[cTotal++] = bezier[2];   // Point 2
    pt[cTotal++] = bezier[3];   // Point 3

    return 3;
}

/****************************************************************************
 *  FUNCTION   : DrawT2Outline
 *
 *  PURPOSE    : Decode the GGO_NATIVE outline, create a sequence of Beziers
 *               for each contour, draw with PolyBezier.  Color and relative 
 *               positioning provided by caller. The coordinates of hDC are
 *               assumed to have MM_TEXT orientation.
 *
 *               The outline data is not scaled. To draw a glyph unhinted
 *               the caller should create the font at its EMSquare size
 *               and retrieve the outline data. Then setup a mapping mode
 *               prior to calling this function.
 *
 *  RETURNS    : none.
 ****************************************************************************/ 
void DrawT2Outline(HDC hDC, LPTTPOLYGONHEADER lpHeader, DWORD size) 
{
    WORD                i;
    UINT                cTotal = 0; // Total points in a contour.
    LPTTPOLYGONHEADER   lpStart;    // the start of the buffer
    LPTTPOLYCURVE       lpCurve;    // the current curve of a contour
    LPPOINT             pt;         // the bezier buffer
    POINTFX             ptStart;    // The starting point of a curve
    DWORD               dwMaxPts = size/size of(POINTFX); // max possible pts.
    DWORD               dwBuffSize;

    dwBuffSize = dwMaxPts *     // Maximum possible # of contour points.
                 sizeof(POINT) * // sizeof buffer element
                 3;             // Worst case multiplier of one additional point
                                // of line expanding to three points of a bezier

   lpStart = lpHeader;
   pt = (LPPOINT)malloc( dwBuffSize );

    // Loop until we have processed the entire buffer of contours.
    // The buffer may contain one or more contours that begin with
    // a TTPOLYGONHEADER. We have them all when we the end of the buffer.
    while ((DWORD)lpHeader < (DWORD)(((LPSTR)lpStart) + size) && pt != NULL)
    {
        if (lpHeader->dwType == TT_POLYGON_TYPE)
        // Draw each coutour, currently this is the only valid
        // type of contour.
        {
            // Convert the starting point. It is an on curve point.
            // All other points are continuous from the "last" 
            // point of the contour. Thus the start point the next
            // bezier is always pt[cTotal-1] - the last point of the 
            // previous bezier. See PolyBezier.
            cTotal = 1;
            pt[0].x = IntFromFixed(lpHeader->pfxStart.x);
            pt[0].y = IntFromFixed(lpHeader->pfxStart.y);

            // Get to first curve of contour - 
            // it starts at the next byte beyond header
            lpCurve = (LPTTPOLYCURVE) (lpHeader + 1);

            // Walk this contour and process each curve( or line ) segment 
            // and add it to the Beziers
            while ((DWORD)lpCurve < (DWORD)(((LPSTR)lpHeader) + lpHeader->cb))
            {
                //**********************************************
                // Format assumption:
                //   The bytes immediately preceding a POLYCURVE
                //   structure contain a valid POINTFX.
                // 
                //   If this is first curve, this points to the 
                //      pfxStart of the POLYGONHEADER.
                //   Otherwise, this points to the last point of
                //      the previous POLYCURVE.
                // 
                //   In either case, this is representative of the
                //      previous curve's last point.
                //**********************************************

                ptStart = *(LPPOINTFX)((LPSTR)lpCurve - sizeof(POINTFX));
                if (lpCurve->wType == TT_PRIM_LINE)
                {
                    // convert the line segments to Bezier segments
                    cTotal += AppendPolyLineToBezier( &pt[cTotal], ptStart, lpCurve );
                    i = lpCurve->cpfx;
                }
                else if (lpCurve->wType == TT_PRIM_QSPLINE)
                {
                    // Decode each Quadratic B-Spline segment, convert to bezier,
                    // and append to the Bezier segments
                    cTotal += AppendQuadBSplineToBezier( &pt[cTotal], ptStart, lpCurve );
                    i = lpCurve->cpfx;
                }
                else
                    // Oops! A POLYCURVE format we don't understand.
                    ; // error, error, error

            // Move on to next curve in the contour.
            lpCurve = (LPTTPOLYCURVE)&(lpCurve->apfx[i]);
            }

            // Add points to close the contour.
            // All contours are implied closed by TrueType definition.
            // Depending on the specific font and glyph being used, these
            // may not always be needed.
            if ( pt[cTotal-1].x != pt[0].x || pt[cTotal-1].y != pt[0].y )
            {
                cTotal += CloseContour( pt, cTotal );
            }

            // flip coordinates to get glyph right side up (Windows coordinates)
            // TT native coordiantes are zero originate at lower-left.
            // Windows MM_TEXT are zero originate at upper-left.
            for (i = 0; i < cTotal; i++)
                pt[i].y = 0 - pt[i].y;

            // Draw the contour
            PolyBezier( hDC, pt, cTotal );
        }
        else
            // Bad, bail, must have a bogus buffer.
            break; // error, error, error

        // Move on to next Contour.
        // Its header starts immediate after this contour
        lpHeader = (LPTTPOLYGONHEADER)(((LPSTR)lpHeader) + lpHeader->cb);
    }

    free( pt );
}