文章編號: 266767 - 上次校閱: 2006年8月23日 - 版次: 3.3

如何設定哪些印表機是系統預設的印表機

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結論

本文章顯示如何以程式設計方式設定哪些印表機是系統預設印表機。並非所有的應用程式或元件可以選取要使用特定的印表機。這通常會讓，需要變更系統預設的印表機，讓應用程式或元件將會使用您想要的印表機。

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其他相關資訊

注意: 這個程式碼會變更整個系統預設的印表機。因此請勿指定印表機甚至正在執行的應用程式的所有應用程式使用此相同的預設值。基於這個原因您可能會希望自己能夠記住先前的預設值，並再將它設回當完成列印工作時，程式碼。

下列程式碼範例會提供方法若要判定哪些印表機可用，並指定一個作為系統預設印表機。

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雖說是逐步範例

在 Visual Basic 中啟動新的標準 EXE 專案。預設會建立 Form1。

將新模組加入至專案，並插入下列程式碼：

Public Const HWND_BROADCAST = &HFFFF
Public Const WM_WININICHANGE = &H1A

' constants for DEVMODE structure
Public Const CCHDEVICENAME = 32
Public Const CCHFORMNAME = 32

' constants for DesiredAccess member of PRINTER_DEFAULTS
Public Const STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED = &HF0000
Public Const PRINTER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER = &H4
Public Const PRINTER_ACCESS_USE = &H8
Public Const PRINTER_ALL_ACCESS = (STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED Or _
PRINTER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER Or PRINTER_ACCESS_USE)

' constant that goes into PRINTER_INFO_5 Attributes member
' to set it as default
Public Const PRINTER_ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT = 4

' Constant for OSVERSIONINFO.dwPlatformId
Public Const VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS = 1

Public Type OSVERSIONINFO
    dwOSVersionInfoSize As Long
    dwMajorVersion As Long
    dwMinorVersion As Long
    dwBuildNumber As Long
    dwPlatformId As Long
    szCSDVersion As String * 128
End Type

Public Type DEVMODE
     dmDeviceName As String * CCHDEVICENAME
     dmSpecVersion As Integer
     dmDriverVersion As Integer
     dmSize As Integer
     dmDriverExtra As Integer
     dmFields As Long
     dmOrientation As Integer
     dmPaperSize As Integer
     dmPaperLength As Integer
     dmPaperWidth As Integer
     dmScale As Integer
     dmCopies As Integer
     dmDefaultSource As Integer
     dmPrintQuality As Integer
     dmColor As Integer
     dmDuplex As Integer
     dmYResolution As Integer
     dmTTOption As Integer
     dmCollate As Integer
     dmFormName As String * CCHFORMNAME
     dmLogPixels As Integer
     dmBitsPerPel As Long
     dmPelsWidth As Long
     dmPelsHeight As Long
     dmDisplayFlags As Long
     dmDisplayFrequency As Long
     dmICMMethod As Long        ' // Windows 95 only
     dmICMIntent As Long        ' // Windows 95 only
     dmMediaType As Long        ' // Windows 95 only
     dmDitherType As Long       ' // Windows 95 only
     dmReserved1 As Long        ' // Windows 95 only
     dmReserved2 As Long        ' // Windows 95 only
End Type

Public Type PRINTER_INFO_5
     pPrinterName As String
     pPortName As String
     Attributes As Long
     DeviceNotSelectedTimeout As Long
     TransmissionRetryTimeout As Long
End Type

Public Type PRINTER_DEFAULTS
     pDatatype As Long
     pDevMode As Long
     DesiredAccess As Long
End Type

Declare Function GetProfileString Lib "kernel32" _
Alias "GetProfileStringA" _
(ByVal lpAppName As String, _
ByVal lpKeyName As String, _
ByVal lpDefault As String, _
ByVal lpReturnedString As String, _
ByVal nSize As Long) As Long

Declare Function WriteProfileString Lib "kernel32" _
Alias "WriteProfileStringA" _
(ByVal lpszSection As String, _
ByVal lpszKeyName As String, _
ByVal lpszString As String) As Long

Declare Function SendMessage Lib "user32" _
Alias "SendMessageA" _
(ByVal hwnd As Long, _
ByVal wMsg As Long, _
ByVal wParam As Long, _
lparam As String) As Long

Declare Function GetVersionExA Lib "kernel32" _
(lpVersionInformation As OSVERSIONINFO) As Integer

Public Declare Function OpenPrinter Lib "winspool.drv" _
Alias "OpenPrinterA" _
(ByVal pPrinterName As String, _
phPrinter As Long, _
pDefault As PRINTER_DEFAULTS) As Long

Public Declare Function SetPrinter Lib "winspool.drv" _
Alias "SetPrinterA" _
(ByVal hPrinter As Long, _
ByVal Level As Long, _
pPrinter As Any, _
ByVal Command As Long) As Long

Public Declare Function GetPrinter Lib "winspool.drv" _
Alias "GetPrinterA" _
(ByVal hPrinter As Long, _
ByVal Level As Long, _
pPrinter As Any, _
ByVal cbBuf As Long, _
pcbNeeded As Long) As Long

Public Declare Function lstrcpy Lib "kernel32" _
Alias "lstrcpyA" _
(ByVal lpString1 As String, _
ByVal lpString2 As Any) As Long

Public Declare Function ClosePrinter Lib "winspool.drv" _
(ByVal hPrinter As Long) As Long

    Public Sub SelectPrinter(NewPrinter As String)
        Dim Prt As Printer
        
        For Each Prt In Printers
            If Prt.DeviceName = NewPrinter Then
                Set Printer = Prt
            Exit For
            End If
        Next
    End Sub

在 Form1 上放置一個清單方塊和一個指令按鈕。

將下列程式碼加入至 Form1 的一般宣告區段：

Option Explicit

Private Function PtrCtoVbString(Add As Long) As String
    Dim sTemp As String * 512, x As Long

    x = lstrcpy(sTemp, Add)
    If (InStr(1, sTemp, Chr(0)) = 0) Then
         PtrCtoVbString = ""
    Else
         PtrCtoVbString = Left(sTemp, InStr(1, sTemp, Chr(0)) - 1)
    End If
End Function

Private Sub SetDefaultPrinter(ByVal PrinterName As String, _
    ByVal DriverName As String, ByVal PrinterPort As String)
    Dim DeviceLine As String
    Dim r As Long
    Dim l As Long
    DeviceLine = PrinterName & "," & DriverName & "," & PrinterPort
    ' Store the new printer information in the [WINDOWS] section of
    ' the WIN.INI file for the DEVICE= item
    r = WriteProfileString("windows", "Device", DeviceLine)
    ' Cause all applications to reload the INI file:
    l = SendMessage(HWND_BROADCAST, WM_WININICHANGE, 0, "windows")
End Sub

Private Sub Win95SetDefaultPrinter()
    Dim Handle As Long          'handle to printer
    Dim PrinterName As String
    Dim pd As PRINTER_DEFAULTS
    Dim x As Long
    Dim need As Long            ' bytes needed
    Dim pi5 As PRINTER_INFO_5   ' your PRINTER_INFO structure
    Dim LastError As Long

    ' determine which printer was selected
    PrinterName = List1.List(List1.ListIndex)
    ' none - exit
    If PrinterName = "" Then
        Exit Sub
    End If

    ' set the PRINTER_DEFAULTS members
    pd.pDatatype = 0&
    pd.DesiredAccess = PRINTER_ALL_ACCESS Or pd.DesiredAccess

    ' Get a handle to the printer
    x = OpenPrinter(PrinterName, Handle, pd)
    ' failed the open
    If x = False Then
        'error handler code goes here
        Exit Sub
    End If

    ' Make an initial call to GetPrinter, requesting Level 5
    ' (PRINTER_INFO_5) information, to determine how many bytes
    ' you need
    x = GetPrinter(Handle, 5, ByVal 0&, 0, need)
    ' don't want to check Err.LastDllError here - it's supposed
    ' to fail
    ' with a 122 - ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER
    ' redim t as large as you need
    ReDim t((need \ 4)) As Long

    ' and call GetPrinter for keepers this time
    x = GetPrinter(Handle, 5, t(0), need, need)
    ' failed the GetPrinter
    If x = False Then
        'error handler code goes here
        Exit Sub
    End If

    ' set the members of the pi5 structure for use with SetPrinter.
    ' PtrCtoVbString copies the memory pointed at by the two string
    ' pointers contained in the t() array into a Visual Basic string.
    ' The other three elements are just DWORDS (long integers) and
    ' don't require any conversion
    pi5.pPrinterName = PtrCtoVbString(t(0))
    pi5.pPortName = PtrCtoVbString(t(1))
    pi5.Attributes = t(2)
    pi5.DeviceNotSelectedTimeout = t(3)
    pi5.TransmissionRetryTimeout = t(4)

    ' this is the critical flag that makes it the default printer
    pi5.Attributes = PRINTER_ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT

       ' call SetPrinter to set it
       X = SetPrinter(Handle, 5, pi5, 0)

       If X = False Then   ' SetPrinter failed
           MsgBox "SetPrinter Failed. Error code: " & Err.LastDllError
           Exit Sub
       Else
           If Printer.DeviceName <> List1.Text Then
           ' Make sure Printer object is set to the new printer
                SelectPrinter (List1.Text)
           End If
       End If

    ' and close the handle
    ClosePrinter (Handle)
End Sub

Private Sub GetDriverAndPort(ByVal Buffer As String, DriverName As _
    String, PrinterPort As String)

    Dim iDriver As Integer
    Dim iPort As Integer
    DriverName = ""
    PrinterPort = ""

    ' The driver name is first in the string terminated by a comma
    iDriver = InStr(Buffer, ",")
    If iDriver > 0 Then

         ' Strip out the driver name
        DriverName = Left(Buffer, iDriver - 1)

        ' The port name is the second entry after the driver name
        ' separated by commas.
        iPort = InStr(iDriver + 1, Buffer, ",")

        If iPort > 0 Then
            ' Strip out the port name
            PrinterPort = Mid(Buffer, iDriver + 1, _
            iPort - iDriver - 1)
        End If
    End If
End Sub

Private Sub ParseList(lstCtl As Control, ByVal Buffer As String)
    Dim i As Integer
    Dim s As String

    Do
        i = InStr(Buffer, Chr(0))
        If i > 0 Then
            s = Left(Buffer, i - 1)
            If Len(Trim(s)) Then lstCtl.AddItem s
            Buffer = Mid(Buffer, i + 1)
        Else
            If Len(Trim(Buffer)) Then lstCtl.AddItem Buffer
            Buffer = ""
        End If
    Loop While i > 0
End Sub

Private Sub WinNTSetDefaultPrinter()
    Dim Buffer As String
    Dim DeviceName As String
    Dim DriverName As String
    Dim PrinterPort As String
    Dim PrinterName As String
    Dim r As Long
    If List1.ListIndex > -1 Then
        ' Get the printer information for the currently selected
        ' printer in the list. The information is taken from the
        ' WIN.INI file.
        Buffer = Space(1024)
        PrinterName = List1.Text
        r = GetProfileString("PrinterPorts", PrinterName, "", _
            Buffer, Len(Buffer))

        ' Parse the driver name and port name out of the buffer
        GetDriverAndPort Buffer, DriverName, PrinterPort

           If DriverName <> "" And PrinterPort <> "" Then
               SetDefaultPrinter List1.Text, DriverName, PrinterPort
               If Printer.DeviceName <> List1.Text Then
               ' Make sure Printer object is set to the new printer
                  SelectPrinter (List1.Text)
               End If
           End If
    End If
End Sub

Private Sub Command1_Click()
    Dim osinfo As OSVERSIONINFO
    Dim retvalue As Integer

    osinfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize = 148
    osinfo.szCSDVersion = Space$(128)
    retvalue = GetVersionExA(osinfo)

    If osinfo.dwPlatformId = VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS Then
        Call Win95SetDefaultPrinter
    Else
    ' This assumes that future versions of Windows use the NT method
        Call WinNTSetDefaultPrinter
    End If
End Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()
    Dim r As Long
    Dim Buffer As String

    ' Get the list of available printers from WIN.INI
    Buffer = Space(8192)
    r = GetProfileString("PrinterPorts", vbNullString, "", _
       Buffer, Len(Buffer))

    ' Display the list of printer in the ListBox List1
    ParseList List1, Buffer
End Sub

執行專案，並注意前述的程式碼會填入清單方塊與所有可用的印表機。
在清單中選取一部印表機，讓它依序按一下 指令按鈕 成為預設值。
確認已經變更預設印表機：在 [開始] 按鈕上選取 [設定]、選取 印表機，然後檢查 [哪個印表機標示為預設值。或者，您可以列印到預設印表機從任何應用程式在您的系統上。

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?考

如需詳細資訊按一下面的文件編號，檢視「 Microsoft 知識庫」中「文件：

167735? (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/167735/EN-US/ ) FIX： Printers 集合中的項目設定印表機失敗

253612? (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/253612/EN-US/ ) FIX：印表機集合不能包含在 [印表機] 資料夾中的所有印表機

246772? (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/246772/EN-US/ ) 如何擷取並在 Windows 中設定預設印表機

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這篇文章中的資訊適用於:

Microsoft Visual Basic 4.0 Professional Edition
Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 Professional Edition
Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Professional Edition
Microsoft Visual Basic 4.0 Enterprise Edition
Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 Enterprise Edition
Microsoft Visual Basic Enterprise Edition for Windows 6.0
Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 Learning Edition
Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Learning Edition

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kbmt kbapi kbcodesnippet kbgdi kbhowto kbprint kbspooler KB266767 KbMtzh

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按一下這裡查看此文章的英文版本：266767? (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/266767/en-us/ )

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結論

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雖說是逐步範例

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