"InfoPath cannot save the following form" error message when you try to publish an InfoPath form on a SharePoint Server 2013 server

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Symptoms

Assume that you are running Microsoft InfoPath on a Windows Server 2008 R2 server, and the Desktop Experience feature is not enabled on the server. In this situation, you cannot use InfoPath to publish an InfoPath form on a Microsoft SharePoint Server 2013 server. Additionally, when you try to publish and save the form, you receive the following error message:

InfoPath cannot save the following form: Form Name. This Document Library was either renamed or deleted, or network problems are preventing the file from being saved. Contact your network administrator.

Cause

This issue occurs because the Desktop Experience feature is not enabled on the Windows Server 2008 R2 server. Therefore, connections cannot be made from the Windows Server 2008 R2 server to the SharePoint server.

Workaround

To work around this issue, install the Desktop Experience feature, and restart the Windows Server 2008 R2 server. Then, start the Themes service from the Windows Services console.