A transferir dados para um livro do Excel utilizando o Visual Basic .NET

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Descrição geral

• Transferir dados célula a célula.
• Transferir dados de uma matriz para um intervalo de células.
• Transferir dados de um conjunto de registos ADO para um intervalo de células utilizando o método CopyFromRecordset .
• Crie um objecto de tabela de consulta numa folha de cálculo Excel que contém o resultado de uma consulta numa origem de dados ODBC ou OLEDB.
• Transferir dados para a área de transferência e, em seguida, cole o conteúdo da área de transferência para uma folha de cálculo do Excel.

• Transferir os dados num ficheiro de texto delimitado por tabulações ou vírgulas que o Excel possa distribuir posteriormente em células numa folha de cálculo.
• Transferir os dados para uma folha de cálculo a utilizar o ADO.NET.
• Transferir dados XML para o Excel (versão 2002 só) para fornecer dados formatados e organizados em linhas e colunas.

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Técnicas

Utilizar a automatização para transferir dados célula a célula

        Dim oExcel As Object
        Dim oBook As Object
        Dim oSheet As Object

        'Start a new workbook in Excel.
        oExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
        oBook = oExcel.Workbooks.Add

        'Add data to cells of the first worksheet in the new workbook.
        oSheet = oBook.Worksheets(1)
        oSheet.Range("A1").Value = "Last Name"
        oSheet.Range("B1").Value = "First Name"
        oSheet.Range("A1:B1").Font.Bold = True
        oSheet.Range("A2").Value = "Doe"
        oSheet.Range("B2").Value = "John"

        'Save the Workbook and quit Excel.
        oBook.SaveAs(sSampleFolder & "Book1.xls")
        oSheet = Nothing
        oBook = Nothing
        oExcel.Quit()
        oExcel = Nothing
        GC.Collect()
				

Utilizar a automatização para transferir uma matriz de dados para um intervalo numa folha de cálculo

        Dim oExcel As Object
        Dim oBook As Object
        Dim oSheet As Object

        'Start a new workbook in Excel.
        oExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
        oBook = oExcel.Workbooks.Add

        'Create an array with 3 columns and 100 rows.
        Dim DataArray(99, 2) As Object
        Dim r As Integer
        For r = 0 To 99
            DataArray(r, 0) = "ORD" & Format(r + 1, "0000")
            DataArray(r, 1) = Rnd() * 1000
            DataArray(r, 2) = DataArray(r, 1) * 0.07
        Next

        'Add headers to the worksheet on row 1.
        oSheet = oBook.Worksheets(1)
        oSheet.Range("A1").Value = "Order ID"
        oSheet.Range("B1").Value = "Amount"
        oSheet.Range("C1").Value = "Tax"

        'Transfer the array to the worksheet starting at cell A2.
        oSheet.Range("A2").Resize(100, 3).Value = DataArray

        'Save the Workbook and quit Excel.
        oBook.SaveAs(sSampleFolder & "Book2.xls")
        oSheet = Nothing
        oBook = Nothing
        oExcel.Quit()
        oExcel = Nothing
        GC.Collect()
				

        oSheet.Range("A2").Resize(100, 3).Value = DataArray
				

Utilizar a automatização para transferir um conjunto de registos ADO para um intervalo de folha de cálculo

        'Create a Recordset from all the records in the Orders table.
        Dim sNWind As String
        Dim conn As New ADODB.Connection()
        Dim rs As ADODB.Recordset
        conn.Open("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & _
            sNorthwind & ";")
        conn.CursorLocation = ADODB.CursorLocationEnum.adUseClient
        rs = conn.Execute("Orders", , ADODB.CommandTypeEnum.adCmdTable)

        'Create a new workbook in Excel.
        Dim oExcel As Object
        Dim oBook As Object
        Dim oSheet As Object
        oExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
        oBook = oExcel.Workbooks.Add
        oSheet = oBook.Worksheets(1)

        'Transfer the field names to Row 1 of the worksheet:
        'Note: CopyFromRecordset copies only the data and not the field
        '      names, so you can transfer the fieldnames by traversing the
        '      fields collection.
        Dim n As Int32
        For n = 1 To rs.Fields.Count
            oSheet.Cells(1, n).Value = rs.Fields(n - 1).Name
        Next

        'Transfer the data to Excel.
        oSheet.Range("A2").CopyFromRecordset(rs)

        'Save the workbook and quit Excel.
        oBook.SaveAs(sSampleFolder & "Book3.xls")
        oSheet = Nothing
        oBook = Nothing
        oExcel.Quit()
        oExcel = Nothing
        GC.Collect()

        'Close the connection
        rs.Close()
        conn.Close()
				

Utilizar a automatização para criar um objecto de tabela de consulta numa folha de cálculo

• Excel processa a criação de conjunto de registos e respectivo posicionamento na folha de cálculo.
• A consulta pode ser guardada com o objecto de tabela de consulta , de modo a que pode ser actualizado posteriormente para obter um conjunto de registos actualizado.
• Quando uma nova tabela de consulta é adicionado à folha de cálculo, pode especificar que dados já existentes nas células da folha de cálculo ser deslocados para ajustar os novos dados (consulte a propriedade RefreshStyle para obter detalhes).

        'Create a new workbook in Excel.
        Dim oExcel As Object
        Dim oBook As Object
        Dim oSheet As Object
        oExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
        oBook = oExcel.Workbooks.Add
        oSheet = oBook.Worksheets(1)

        'Create the QueryTable object.
        Dim oQryTable As Object
        oQryTable = oSheet.QueryTables.Add( _
        "OLEDB;Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & _
            sNorthwind & ";", oSheet.Range("A1"), _
            "Select * from Orders")
        oQryTable.RefreshStyle = 2 ' xlInsertEntireRows = 2
        oQryTable.Refresh(False)

        'Save the workbook and quit Excel.
        oBook.SaveAs(sSampleFolder & "Book4.xls")
        oQryTable = Nothing
        oSheet = Nothing
        oBook = Nothing
        oExcel.Quit()
        oExcel = Nothing
				

Utilizar a área de transferência

        'Copy a string to the Clipboard.
        Dim sData As String
        sData = "FirstName" & vbTab & "LastName" & vbTab & "Birthdate" & vbCr _
            & "Bill" & vbTab & "Brown" & vbTab & "2/5/85" & vbCr _
            & "Joe" & vbTab & "Thomas" & vbTab & "1/1/91"
        System.Windows.Forms.Clipboard.SetDataObject(sData)

        'Create a workbook in Excel.
        Dim oExcel As Object
        Dim oBook As Object
        oExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
        oBook = oExcel.Workbooks.Add

        'Paste the data.
        oBook.Worksheets(1).Range("A1").Select()
        oBook.Worksheets(1).Paste()

        'Save the workbook and quit Excel.
        oBook.SaveAs(sSampleFolder & "Book5.xls")
        oBook = Nothing
        oExcel.Quit()
        oExcel = Nothing
        GC.Collect()
				

Criar um ficheiro de texto delimitado que Excel possa distribuir em linhas e colunas

        'Connect to the data source.
        Dim objConn As New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection( _
            "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & sNorthwind & ";")
        objConn.Open()

        'Execute a command to retrieve all records from the Employees table.
        Dim objCmd As New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand( _
            "Select * From Employees", objConn)
        Dim objReader As System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataReader
        objReader = objCmd.ExecuteReader()

        'Read the records in the dataset and write select fields to the 
        'output file.
        FileOpen(1, sSampleFolder & "Book6.txt", OpenMode.Output)
        Dim i As Integer, s As String
        While objReader.Read()
            'Loop through first 6 fields and concatenate
            'each field, separated by a tab, into s variable.
            s = ""
            For i = 0 To 5
                If Not objReader.IsDBNull(i) Then
                    If i = 0 Then 'field 1 is EmployeeId
                        s = s & objReader.GetInt32(i).ToString
                    ElseIf i = 5 Then 'field 6 is BirthDate
                        s = s & objReader.GetDateTime(i)
                    Else 'field is a text field
                        s = s & objReader.GetString(i)
                    End If
                End If
                s = s & Microsoft.VisualBasic.ControlChars.Tab
            Next
            PrintLine(1, s)
        End While
        FileClose(1)

        'Close the reader and the connection.
        objReader.Close()
        objConn.Close()
				

        'Create a new instance of Excel.
        Dim oExcel As Object
        oExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")

        'Open the text file and save it in the Excel workbook format.
        oExcel.Workbooks.OpenText(sSampleFolder & "Book6.txt", _
            , , , -4142, , True) 'xlTextQualifierNone=-4142

        oExcel.ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs(sSampleFolder & "Book6.xls", _
            -4143) 'xlWorkbookNormal = -4143

        'Quit Excel.
        oExcel.Quit()
        oExcel = Nothing
        GC.Collect()
				

Transferir dados para uma folha de cálculo utilizando ADO.NET

       'Establish a connection to the data source.
        Dim sConnectionString As String
        sConnectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
            "Data Source=" & sSampleFolder & _
            "Book7.xls;Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;"
        Dim objConn As New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(sConnectionString)
        objConn.Open()

        'Add two records to the table.
        Dim objCmd As New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand()
        objCmd.Connection = objConn
        objCmd.CommandText = "Insert into [Sheet1$] (FirstName, LastName)" & _
            " values ('Bill', 'Brown')"
        objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
        objCmd.CommandText = "Insert into [Sheet1$] (FirstName, LastName)" & _
            " values ('Joe', 'Thomas')"
        objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()

        'Close the connection.
        objConn.Close()
				

Transferir dados XML (apenas no Excel 2002)

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Criar o projecto de Visual Basic .NET de exemplo completa

1. Crie uma nova pasta para guardar os livros do Excel que o exemplo irá para lhe criar e, em seguida, o nome C:\Exceldata\.
2. Siga estes passos para criar um novo livro para o exemplo escrever:
   1. Inicie um novo livro no Excel.
   2. Na Folha1 do novo livro, escreva o nome na célula A1 e Apelido na célula A2.
   3. Guarde o livro como C:\Exceldata\Book7.xls.
3. Inicie o Visual Studio NET.. No menu ficheiro , clique em Novo e em seguida, clique em projecto . Em Projectos do Visual Basic , seleccione a Aplicação do Windows . Por predefinição, é criado o Form1.
4. Adicione uma referência à biblioteca de objectos do Excel. Para o fazer, siga estes passos:
   1. No menu projecto , clique em Add Reference .
   2. No separador COM , localize o Microsoft Excel 10.0 Object Library e, em seguida, clique em Seleccionar .
      
      Nota Se que não o fez, a Microsoft recomenda que transferir e, em seguida, instale o Microsoft Office XP Primary Interop Assemblies (PIAs). Para obter mais informações sobre PIAs do Office XP, clique no número de artigo que se segue para visualizar o artigo na Microsoft Knowledge Base:
      328912  (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/328912/ ) Microsoft Office XP principais interop assemblies (PIAs) estão disponíveis para transferência
   3. No separador COM , localize Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects Library 2.7 e, em seguida, clique em Seleccionar .
   4. Clique em OK na caixa de diálogo Adicionar referências para aceitar as selecções. Se receber um pedido para gerar wrappers para as bibliotecas que seleccionou, clique em Sim .
5. Adicione um controlo de Caixa de combinação e um controlo de botão ao Form1.
6. Adicione o seguinte código ao Form1. sSampleFolder Const

       Const sSampleFolder = "C:\ExcelData\"
       Const sNorthwind = "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office10\Samples\Northwind.mdb"
   
       Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
         Handles MyBase.Load
           ComboBox1.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList
           Dim aList As String() = _
               {"Use Automation to Transfer Data Cell by Cell ", _
                "Use Automation to Transfer an Array of Data to a Range on a Worksheet ", _
                "Use Automation to Transfer an ADO Recordset to a Worksheet Range ", _
                "Use Automation to Create a QueryTable on a Worksheet", _
                "Use the Clipboard", _
                "Create a Delimited Text File that Excel Can Parse into Rows and Columns", _
                "Transfer Data to a Worksheet Using ADO.NET "}
           ComboBox1.Items.AddRange(aList)
           ComboBox1.SelectedIndex = 0
           Button1.Text = "Go!"
       End Sub
   
       Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
         Handles Button1.Click
           Select Case ComboBox1.SelectedIndex
               Case 0 : Automation_CellByCell()
               Case 1 : Automation_UseArray()
               Case 2 : Automation_ADORecordset()
               Case 3 : Automation_QueryTable()
               Case 4 : Use_Clipboard()
               Case 5 : Create_TextFile()
               Case 6 : Use_ADONET()
           End Select
           GC.Collect()
       End Sub
   
       Private Function Automation_CellByCell()
           Dim oExcel As Object
           Dim oBook As Object
           Dim oSheet As Object
   
           'Start a new workbook in Excel.
           oExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
           oBook = oExcel.Workbooks.Add
   
           'Add data to cells of the first worksheet in the new workbook.
           oSheet = oBook.Worksheets(1)
           oSheet.Range("A1").Value = "Last Name"
           oSheet.Range("B1").Value = "First Name"
           oSheet.Range("A1:B1").Font.Bold = True
           oSheet.Range("A2").Value = "Doe"
           oSheet.Range("B2").Value = "John"
   
           'Save the workbook and quit Excel.
           oBook.SaveAs(sSampleFolder & "Book1.xls")
           oSheet = Nothing
           oBook = Nothing
           oExcel.Quit()
           oExcel = Nothing
           GC.Collect()
       End Function
   
       Private Function Automation_UseArray()
           Dim oExcel As Object
           Dim oBook As Object
           Dim oSheet As Object
   
           'Start a new workbook in Excel.
           oExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
           oBook = oExcel.Workbooks.Add
   
           'Create an array with 3 columns and 100 rows.
           Dim DataArray(99, 2) As Object
           Dim r As Integer
           For r = 0 To 99
               DataArray(r, 0) = "ORD" & Format(r + 1, "0000")
               DataArray(r, 1) = Rnd() * 1000
               DataArray(r, 2) = DataArray(r, 1) * 0.07
           Next
   
           'Add headers to the worksheet on row 1.
           oSheet = oBook.Worksheets(1)
           oSheet.Range("A1").Value = "Order ID"
           oSheet.Range("B1").Value = "Amount"
           oSheet.Range("C1").Value = "Tax"
   
           'Transfer the array to the worksheet starting at cell A2.
           oSheet.Range("A2").Resize(100, 3).Value = DataArray
   
           'Save the workbook and quit Excel.
           oBook.SaveAs(sSampleFolder & "Book2.xls")
           oSheet = Nothing
           oBook = Nothing
           oExcel.Quit()
           oExcel = Nothing
           GC.Collect()
       End Function
   
       Private Function Automation_ADORecordset()
           'Create a Recordset from all the records in the Orders table.
           Dim sNWind As String
           Dim conn As New ADODB.Connection()
           Dim rs As ADODB.Recordset
           conn.Open("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & _
               sNorthwind & ";")
           conn.CursorLocation = ADODB.CursorLocationEnum.adUseClient
           rs = conn.Execute("Orders", , ADODB.CommandTypeEnum.adCmdTable)
   
           'Create a new workbook in Excel.
           Dim oExcel As Object
           Dim oBook As Object
           Dim oSheet As Object
           oExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
           oBook = oExcel.Workbooks.Add
           oSheet = oBook.Worksheets(1)
   
           'Transfer the field names to Row 1 of the worksheet:
           'Note: CopyFromRecordset copies only the data and not the field
           '      names, so you can transfer the fieldnames by traversing the
           '      fields collection.
           Dim n As Int32
           For n = 1 To rs.Fields.Count
               oSheet.Cells(1, n).Value = rs.Fields(n - 1).Name
           Next
   
           'Transfer the data to Excel.
           oSheet.Range("A2").CopyFromRecordset(rs)
   
           'Save the workbook and quit Excel.
           oBook.SaveAs(sSampleFolder & "Book3.xls")
           oSheet = Nothing
           oBook = Nothing
           oExcel.Quit()
           oExcel = Nothing
           GC.Collect()
   
           'Close the connection.
           rs.Close()
           conn.Close()
       End Function
   
       Private Function Automation_QueryTable()
           'Create a new workbook in Excel.
           Dim oExcel As Object
           Dim oBook As Object
           Dim oSheet As Object
           oExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
           oBook = oExcel.Workbooks.Add
           oSheet = oBook.Worksheets(1)
   
           'Create the QueryTable object.
           Dim oQryTable As Object
           oQryTable = oSheet.QueryTables.Add( _
           "OLEDB;Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & _
               sNorthwind & ";", oSheet.Range("A1"), _
               "Select * from Orders")
           oQryTable.RefreshStyle = 2 ' xlInsertEntireRows = 2
           oQryTable.Refresh(False)
   
           'Save the workbook and quit Excel.
           oBook.SaveAs(sSampleFolder & "Book4.xls")
           oQryTable = Nothing
           oSheet = Nothing
           oBook = Nothing
           oExcel.Quit()
   
   
           oExcel = Nothing
   
       End Function
   
       Private Function Use_Clipboard()
           'Copy a string to the clipboard.
           Dim sData As String
           sData = "FirstName" & vbTab & "LastName" & vbTab & "Birthdate" & vbCr _
               & "Bill" & vbTab & "Brown" & vbTab & "2/5/85" & vbCr _
               & "Joe" & vbTab & "Thomas" & vbTab & "1/1/91"
           System.Windows.Forms.Clipboard.SetDataObject(sData)
   
           'Create a new workbook in Excel.
           Dim oExcel As Object
           Dim oBook As Object
           oExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
           oBook = oExcel.Workbooks.Add
   
           'Paste the data.
           oBook.Worksheets(1).Range("A1").Select()
           oBook.Worksheets(1).Paste()
   
           'Save the workbook and quit Excel.
           oBook.SaveAs(sSampleFolder & "Book5.xls")
           oBook = Nothing
           oExcel.Quit()
           oExcel = Nothing
           GC.Collect()
       End Function
   
       Private Function Create_TextFile()
           'Connect to the data source.
           Dim objConn As New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection( _
               "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & sNorthwind & ";")
           objConn.Open()
   
           'Run a command to retrieve all records from the Employees table.
           Dim objCmd As New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand( _
               "Select * From Employees", objConn)
           Dim objReader As System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataReader
           objReader = objCmd.ExecuteReader()
   
           'Read the records in the dataset and write select fields to the 
           'output file.
           FileOpen(1, sSampleFolder & "Book6.txt", OpenMode.Output)
           Dim i As Integer, s As String
           While objReader.Read()
               'Loop through first 6 fields and concatenate
               'each field, separated by a tab, into s variable.
               s = ""
               For i = 0 To 5
                   If Not objReader.IsDBNull(i) Then
                       If i = 0 Then 'field 1 is EmployeeId
                           s = s & objReader.GetInt32(i).ToString
                       ElseIf i = 5 Then 'field 6 is BirthDate
                           s = s & objReader.GetDateTime(i)
                       Else 'field is a text field
                           s = s & objReader.GetString(i)
                       End If
                   End If
                   s = s & Microsoft.VisualBasic.ControlChars.Tab
               Next
               PrintLine(1, s)
           End While
           FileClose(1)
   
           'Close the reader and the connection.
           objReader.Close()
           objConn.Close()
   
           'Create a new instance of Excel.
           Dim oExcel As Object
           oExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
   
           'Open the text file and save it in the Excel workbook format.
           oExcel.Workbooks.OpenText(sSampleFolder & "Book6.txt", _
               , , , -4142, , True) 'xlTextQualifierNone=-4142
   
           oExcel.ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs(sSampleFolder & "Book6.xls", _
               -4143) 'xlWorkbookNormal = -4143
   
           'Quit Excel.
           oExcel.Quit()
           oExcel = Nothing
           GC.Collect()
       End Function
   
       Private Function Use_ADONET()
   
           'Verify that the workbook to write to does exist.
           Dim sFile As String = sSampleFolder & "Book7.xls"
           If Dir(sFile) = "" Then
               MsgBox("Please create the workbook Book7.xls and try again.")
               Exit Function
           End If
   
           'Establish a connection to the data source.
           Dim sConnectionString As String
           sConnectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
               "Data Source=" & sSampleFolder & _
               "Book7.xls;Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;"
           Dim objConn As New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(sConnectionString)
           objConn.Open()
   
           'Add two records to the table named 'MyTable'.
           Dim objCmd As New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand()
           objCmd.Connection = objConn
           objCmd.CommandText = "Insert into [Sheet1$] (FirstName, LastName)" & _
               " values ('Bill', 'Brown')"
           objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
           objCmd.CommandText = "Insert into [Sheet1$] (FirstName, LastName)" & _
               " values ('Joe', 'Thomas')"
           objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
   
           'Close the connection.
           objConn.Close()
       End Function
   					

   Nota Se não instalou o Office na pasta predefinida (C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office), altere a constante sNorthwind do código de exemplo para corresponder ao caminho de instalação para a base de dados Adamastor.mdb.
   
   
7. Adicione o código seguinte à parte superior do Form1.VB.

   Imports Microsoft.Office.Interop
   					

8. Prima F5 para compilar e executar o exemplo.

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