????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? Black Hole ????????

?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? "black hole" ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? black hole? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????.

??? ??????? "???? ????? ????? ??????" (WAN) ?????? ??? ???????? "?????? ?? ???????/???????? ????????" (TCP/IP)? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? "???????? ?????? ?????? ????????" (ICMP) ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????. ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? "black hole".

???? ????? ???? ???? ????? black hole ???????? ?????? ???????? "?????? ???????" (Ping) ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? TCP/IP ?? Microsoft Windows. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? black hole ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????.

????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? "???? ??????? ??????" (MTU) ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? "??? ???????" ????? ????? IP ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? "?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????" ?????? ?? "???????? ?????? ?????? ????????" ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????.

?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????. (?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????). ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????.

??? ?? ???? ??????

???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??:

• ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????.
• ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????.
• ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????.
  ??? ?? ???? ??????: ????? ????? 1004
  ??????: TermService
  ?????: "The terminal server cannot issue a client license. It was unable to issue the license due to a changed (mismatched) client license, insufficient memory, or an internal error. Further details for this problem may have been reported at the client's computer." (?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? (??? ?????) ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????).

????? ???? ???? ????? Black Hole

????? ??????? ?????? ???????? Ping ?????? ???? ???? ????? black hole? ???? ?????? ????????? ?-f ??-l ??? ????? ????? ping.

• ???? ??????? ?-f ??? ???? ?????? ???????? Ping ?????? ???? ?????? "???????? ?????? ?????? ????????" ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? "??? ???????" ?????? ?? "???????? ????????" (IP).
• ???? ??????? ?-l ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? "???????? ?????? ?????? ????????". ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?-l.

???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? "???? ????? ????" ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? "???????? ????????" ?"???????? ?????? ?????? ????????" (????? ???? ???? "???? ????? ????" ??????? ???? ??). ??? ???? ??????? ??? Ethernet "???? ????? ????" ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? Ping ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? "???????? ?????? ?????? ????????"? ???? ???? ???? (???? ??????? ??? ??). ????? ???? ?????? ????? ping ?? ??? ?????? ???????: ??????? ????? ?????? IP ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????:

• ??? ??? ??? "???? ??????? ??????" ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????.
• ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? "????? ????? ????" ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? "?? ???? ?????? ??????" ?????? ?? "???????? ?????? ?????? ????????" ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? Ping ????? "?????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? DF".
• ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? "????? ????? ????" ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? "?? ???? ?????? ??????" ?????? ?? "???????? ?????? ?????? ????????" ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? Ping ????? "???????? ???? ?????".

?????? ????? ??????? -l ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????. ????? ???? "???? ????? ????" ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? "???????? ?????? ?????? ????????" ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ? -f -l 972???_????????? ?? ?????_IP ?Ping ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?-f -l 973???_????????? ?? ?????_IP?Ping ?????? ?????? ???? ???? "???? ????? ????" ??? ??? ?????? ???? (??? ???????? ??? ??). ???? ????? "????? ??????? ??????" ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? "????? ????? Microsoft" (?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? (????? ?? ??? ?????? ???)):

????? ???? ????? Black Hole ?? ????? ?? ????

??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? "????? ????? Microsoft" (?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? (????? ?? ??? ?????? ???)):
??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? black hole ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????.

??????? ??????

?? ?????? ?????? Black Hole ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (PMTU) ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? Windows ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? WAN. ???? ??????? ???????:

1. ?? ???? ????? "???? ???????" (Regedit.exe).
2. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????:
   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tcpip\parameters
3. ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????:
   ??? ??????: EnablePMTUBHDetect
   ??? ????????: REG_DWORD
   ??????: 1
4. ?? ?????? "???? ???????"? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????.

??????? ???????

?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ? ?????? ?? "???????? ?????? ?????? ????????" ("destination unreachable, don't fragment (DF) bit sent and fragmentation required") (?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? (DF) ???????? ??????). ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????.

??????? ???????

?? ?????? "???? ??????? ??????" ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? black hole ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????.

?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? "???? ??????? ??????" ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? "???? ??????? ??????" ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? "???? ??????? ??????" ??????. ???? ??????? ???????:

1. ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????.
2. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????.
3. ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??? ??????? (??? ???? ??????? "Local Area Connection 2").
4. ?? ???? ????? "???? ???????" (Regedit.exe).
5. ??? ?????? HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE? ????? ??? ??????? ??????:
   ?SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Network\{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\
6. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? Connection. ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???:
   ?\Connection???????_????? ????????
   ???? ?????? Name ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? Connection ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? "??????? ???? ???????". ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????_????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????.
7. ?? ??????? ??? HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????
   
   ?SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\???????_????? ????????
   ???? ???? ??? ???????_????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?EnableDHCP (????? DHCP).
8. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? DWORD. ?? ?????? ?????? ???? MTU.
9. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? "???? ??????? ??????"? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? Ping.
10. ?? ?????? "???? ???????".

???? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ????? "???? ????? ????" ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? Ping ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? "???? ??????? ??????" ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????.

?????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ????? "???? ??????? ??????" ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? "????? ????? Microsoft" (?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? (????? ?? ??? ?????? ???)):
?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? Internet RFC 1191 ?RFC 1435? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? Internic ?????? ??? ?????: