???? Office ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????????????? ?? ?????

?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??::

• ?? Microsoft Office ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????
• ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????
• ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????

?? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????, ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ???????? ?? disadvantages ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????

???? Microsoft Office 2003 ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????Microsoft ?????? ??????????? ???????????, ??????????????? ???? ??????Office ????? ?? ????? ????????, ?? ???? ???????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????

Microsoft Office 2007 ?? Microsoft Office 2010 ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? Microsoft Office ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? (?? F1 ????? ?????), ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ???, ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????

?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??:

• ????? ??????
• Raster ?????
• Vector ?????



• ?????????? ?? ??? ?????
• ??-??????? ??????
• ??????? ??????



• ????????

???????? ??? ?????: Raster ?????

BMP: Windows ??????

Windows ???????? ???? ??? raster ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????, black-and-white ???? ?? ??? 24-??? ??? ?? ???????? ????? Windows ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? Microsoft Windows ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???

????, disadvantages Windows ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? outweigh. Photographic ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? PNG ?????, ???? JPEG ?????, ?? TIFF ????? ?? ????? ????? BMP ??????? ?? Windows ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????

??? ?? ???:

• ?????? BMP ??????? 24-??? ??? ????? ?? 1-????
• BMP ?????? widely ?????? Windows ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????????, ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????

Disadvantages:

• BMP ???????, ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????
• BMP ????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????

PCX: ???????? PC

??????????Office 2003 ?????? ??? PCX ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? 2007 Office ?????? ?? Office ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???

Z-Soft ??????, ???? ?? ??? ???? ??, PC ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? raster ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? widely ???? ????? Windows ??????????? ?? MS-DOS--?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? PCX ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (RLE)?

??? ?? ???:

• ?? ????????? Windows-?????? ?? MS-DOS--?????? ??????????? ?? ??? PCX ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???
• PCX ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???

Disadvantages:

• PCX ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???

PNG: ???????? ??????? ?????????

PNG ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? raster ??? ???????? ??? PNG ?? ?? ????????-?????????? ?????? ???

??? ?? ???:

• PNG high-level lossless ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
• PNG alpha ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
• PNG ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
• PNG ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
• PNG ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ???

Disadvantages:

• ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ? ?????? PNG ????????
• ??? ??????? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ??? PNG JPEG ?? lossy ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???
• ??? ??????? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ??? PNG multi-image ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? GIF ?????? multi-image ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???

JPEG: Joint ??????????? ???????? ????

JPEG ????? ???? ??? raster ??? 24-??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? JPEG ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??; ???????, ?? ??????? lossy ??? ??????????? JPEG ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????

JPEG ????? ??????? ?? ???? increased ?? decreased ?? ???? ???? ???????, ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? sacrificed ??? ?????? ?? ?????? 100:1 ???? ?? ???? ??? (JPEG ?????? comfortably compresses ?? ??? 10: 1 20: 1 ??????, ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????.) JPEG ??????? photo-realistic artwork ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????, ?? ?????, ??????????, ??? ???????? ?? ???, ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? artwork ?? ??? JPEG ??????? ?????? ???? superior ??????? ???-??? ??????? ?????? 5: 1, ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? JPEG ??????? ????? compresses ???? hues ?? ??? ????? JPEG ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????

??? ?? ???:

• Superior ??????? ?? photographic artwork ?? realistic artwork ?? ??? ??????? ???
• ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
• (?????????? JPEG ??????? ?? ???) ?????????? ??????? ???
• JPEG ?? ??? ??????? widely ??????? ???? ???

Disadvantages:

• Lossy ??????? degrades ??? ????? ???? ???
• ?? ?? ?????? ?? JPEG ????? resave, JPEG compounds ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???
• JPEG ??? ???, ???? ???, ?? ??? ??? stark ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???

GIF: ????????? ???????? ???????

GIF ????? ??? raster ??? ???? ?? 8 ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? raster ??? ????, ?? 256 ????? ???????? ??? GIF ????? ??????????, ???????, ??????????, ?? ??????? (???????? GIFs) ???-??? ?? ??? ???????

GIF ?????????? alpha ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? GIF ???????, LZW ???????, roughly 3: 1. ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? GIFs GIF ?? GIF89a ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????

??? ?? ???:

• GIF ?? ??? ??????? widely ??????? ???? ???
• Lossless ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????
• ???????? GIFs prevalent ?? ?? GIF ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????

Disadvantages:

• GIF ???? ???? 256-??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??; ?????, ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? photo-realistic ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? paletted ??????
• Lossless ??????? inferior JPEG ?????? ?? PNG ??????, ??????? ?????? ??? ???
• GIF ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????, ???? alpha ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????

TIFF: Tagged ??? ????? ??????

TIFF ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? raster ??? ???????? ??? TIFF arguably ?????? ?????? ??? ???? widely ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? TIFF ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???

TIFF ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? This means that a programmer can modify the original specification to add functionality or to meet specific needs. Modifying the specification can lead to incompatibilities between different types of TIFF pictures.

??? ?? ???:

• TIFF is a widely supported format, especially between Macintosh computers and Windows-based computers.
• Optional compression is supported.
• The extensible format supports many optional features.

Disadvantages:

• TIFF is not supported by Web browsers.
• Extensibility results in many different types of TIFF pictures. Not all TIFF files are compatible with all programs that support the baseline TIFF standard.

Picture formats: Vector pictures

DXF: AutoCAD Drawing Interchange File

The DXF format is a vector-based, ASCII format that the Autodesk AutoCAD program uses. AutoCAD provides highly detailed schematics that are completely scalable.

??? ?? ???:

• AutoCAD allows you to create highly detailed and precise schematics and drawings.
• AutoCAD files are popular in the architectural, design, and engraving industries.

Disadvantages:

• AutoCAD has limited support in Office, which supports AutoCAD versions up through R12.
• AutoCAD ?? ????????? ?? steep ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? DXF ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????

CGM: ???????? ????????? ????????

CGM ???????? vector ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? agencies, British ???? ?????? (BSI), ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? (ANSI) ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? internationally standardized ????? ?????? ???
???:Office 2007 ??? CGM ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???

??? ?? ???:

• CGM ?? ????????????? ???? ?????? ???

CDR: CorelDRAW!

CorelDRAW! vector ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????
???:Office 2007 ??? CDR ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???

??? ?? ???:

• CDR widely prepress ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???

Disadvantages:

• CDR ????? ?????? ??? Office, ?? CorelDRAW ?? ?????? ???? ??! 6 ?? ?????? ????????

WMF: Windows ????????

Windows ???????? ?? 16-??? ???????? ?????? vector ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? Windows ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ???

??? ?? ???:

• WMF ???? Windows ???? ?????? ?? ?? Office ??? ?? ??? ???? ???

EPS: ???????????????? ??????????????

Encapsulated ?????????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??, ??????? ????? ???? ?? vector ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????
???:Office 2007 ??? EPS ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???

??? ?? ???:

• EPS ???? ???? ???????????? ?? ??? PostScript ????????
• EPS ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???

Disadvantages:

• ??-??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??-??????? ????????? ?? low-resolution, ???? ???? ???, ?? ???? ?? ??????????? ????
• EPS ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????

EMF: ???????? ?????????

????????? ????????? ?????? ?? 32-??? ?????? vector ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? Windows ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ????????, ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???:

• ?????????? ???????? ???????
• ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????
• ??? palettes ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????

EMF ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??, ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? EMF ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? incompatibilities ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????

??? ?? ???:

• ??????? ????? ??????
• ????? ???????? WMF ?? ??? ????? ????

Disadvantages:

• ?????? EMF ?? ???? ????? ?????? extensibility ?????? ??? EMF ??????? EMF ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ????

PICT: Macintosh ?????

PICT ????? ?? Macintosh ?? ??? ?? 32-??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? PICT ??????? ????? ????? ???????? (RLE) ?????? ???????, ?? ?? reasonably ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? PICT ??????? ?????? JPEG ??????? ??? QuickTime ??????? ???? ??? ??(???? ????????).
???:Office 2007 ??? PICT ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???

??? ?? ???:

• PICT ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??-??????? ???????? Macintosh ???????? ?? ???
• PICT ?? ?? ?? ?????? Macintosh ???????? ?? ??? ???-?????????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???

Disadvantages:

• ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????-?????????? ????
• QuickTime ??? ?? ??? PICT ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????

?????????? ?? ??? ?????

?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? raster ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???, ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????, ???? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??, ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???

??-??????? ??????

???:Microsoft ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???, 72 ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? 60 ??????? ?? ????? ??? 80 ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????-???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???, ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? 2 ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? 8.5-??-2-??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???, ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? 2 ???, 144 ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? 72 ppi ??? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? 2 ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???

* ???256 ????? ??? JPEG ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? GIF ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???????, JPEG ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? GIF ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????????

• If your picture is grayscale, has large areas of one solid color, or has areas of high contrast (sharp differences between light areas and dark areas), choose the GIF format.
  
  
• If your picture is in color and contains several different colors (hues) that are similar in lightness or darkness (value), choose the JPEG format, because JPEG offers better compression. JPEG compression works according to hue and works well with different hues of a similar value. JPEG compression does not work as well with similar hues at different values.

Printed output

How to create good printed output is a complex subject, because of the vast number of printers that are available and the capability of each printer to produce color output and grayscale output. The primary factor for good printed output is the number of lines per inch (LPI) that your printer is capable of printing.

To print in color or grayscale, a printer must print in halftones. Halftones are arrays of dots that are arranged in a grid and that represent each image pixel as a shade of gray. For a dark gray, most of the dots in the grid are filled in. For a light gray, only a few dots on the grid are filled in. The LPI setting for the printer determines the size of this grid. The higher the LPI, the smaller the grid, and the fewer shades of gray the printer can render.

To print in color, the printer must print overlapping lines of colored dots. Each dot is set at a different angle from the other dots and is slightly offset, so that the dots do not completely cover each other. This measurement is known as the Screen Frequency and is represented in degrees of rotation of the lines of dots that make up that color.

The following table helps you to choose the optimum resolution for scanning, in dots per inch (dpi).



To calculate your target scanning resolution, you can multiply the LPI of your printer by two. This is a general rule. To find out the LPI of your printer, see your printer documentation.

???:You must experiment when you apply the general rule of multiplying the LPI by two. Some printers support very high resolutions. If you save your picture at more than 300 ppi, larger pictures may take up large amounts of disk space and may slow down other operations on your computer. Multiple large pictures in a document can cause a program to stop responding or can cause Windows to stop responding.

The only exception to this rule is pure black-and-white images, or "line art" images. These images use 1 bit to store color information. Scan these images at a 1-to-1 ratio. If you have a 600 dpi printer, scan these images at 600 ppi in Line Art mode.

??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? 256 ????? ?? ??? ????? ???, TIFF ?????? ?? GIF ?????? ?? ????? ????? TIFF ?????? ??, ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? TIFF ?????? lossy ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????, ???? JPEG, lossy ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? TIFF ?? ??????????, ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????

????? ?? 256 ?? ???? ??? ??, ??? TIFF ?????? ?? PNG ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? Microsoft PNG ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ???, ?? ????? TIFF ???????? ?????

Microsoft ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???, ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? 8.5-??-2-??? ???????, ?? ?? 2 ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? 600 dpi ?? 85 ?? ?? LPI ?? ?????? ???? ??, ?? 2 ???, 300 x 71 ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? 150 ppi ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????

????????

• Alpha ????: Alpha ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? alpha ???? ?? ??????????, ?? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?? blended ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? 64,000 ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???
• ??? ?????: ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? categorized ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? deeper ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???, ????? ???? deeper ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???
  • 1 ??? - ???? ????? ?? ?????
  • 8 ??? - ????????? ?? 256 ????? ?? 256 shades
  • 16 ??? - ??? ??? 65536 ???
  • 24 ??? - ???? ??? 16,777,216 ???
  • 32 ??? - ???? ??? 4,294,967,296 ???
• ???????: ???????, ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???: lossless ?? lossy.
• ???????, lossless: Lossless ???????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? emphasizes ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??, ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????????, ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???
• ???????, lossy: Lossy ???????, ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????, ?? ?? ?? cost ?? ????? ?? ???????? producing emphasizes ??????? ????? ??? Lossy ??????? lossless ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???; ???????, ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??, ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????
• ????? ????: ???? ????, ultimate ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? Microsoft Office ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??: ????, ???????????, ????? ??????, ???????, ?? ??? ????? ??????
• ???? ?????: ?? ?????? ?? lightness ?? ?????, darkness ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???
• ???: ??? ???, ???, ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???, ????? ?????? ?? crimson ?? ?? ??? ????
• ?????????: ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??, ?? ????? ???? ??: ?? sixty-???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??, ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???
• ????????? ?????: ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? vector ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????, ???? ??? raster ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????
• ???????: ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???, ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? distorted ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? "paletted ??????." ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??
• ???????: ?? ???????, ???? raster-?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? Both raster pictures and monitors are defined by rows of dots that can be individually assigned a color. These dots are called pixels.
• Raster picture: A raster picture is a picture that is displayed by defining rows of colored dots that are placed next to each other. Each dot is assigned an individual color.
• ???????????: Resolution is the amount of picture data in a specific area of a picture. Resolution is usually defined in pixels per inch. The higher the resolution, the more precise and clear the picture is. However, when you increase the resolution, the file size of a picture also increases.
• ??????????: Transparency is a method that allows areas of a picture to appear transparent, therefore revealing the background. There are several methods of transparency, including alpha channel transparency.
• Value:: This property describes the lightness or darkness of a color. For example, pink and baby blue have a similarValue:, although they have different hues.
• Vector picture: A vector picture is made up of areas that are defined by coordinates and mathematical formulas. This file format is more versatile than a raster picture format, because vector pictures can be scaled to any size. In some cases, vector pictures can be ungrouped into smaller components.

For more information about the graphics file types that are described in this article, visit the following third-party Web sites:?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? Microsoft ???? ?????-???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??.. ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??.. Microsoft ?? ?????-???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????..