This article describes Automating Excel 97 or later from a
Visual J++ client using the Java programming language. The project uses the
Excel type library, and illustrates object oriented programming.
This article parallels a Microsoft Knowledge Base article
that describes the same process using Microsoft Visual C++ and Microsoft Foundation
Classes.
For additional information about Automation of Excel from Visual C++, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
179706
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/179706/
)
How To Use MFC to Automate Excel and Create/Format a New Workbook
Start Visual J++ 6.0. Create a new Console Application
project and name it XLJava1.
In the Project-Explorer window, open your Project tree and
double-click the Class1.java file created for you.
From the Project menu, choose Add COM Wrapper, select the Microsoft Excel 8.0, 9.0, or 10.0 (as appropriate) Object Library, and then click OK. This adds Java COM Wrappers that are derived from the Excel type
library to your project.
At the top of your Class1.Java file, add the following
import statements:
import Excel8.*; // Change the 8 to 9 for Excel 2000, or 10 for 2002 or later
// For Excel 2000 the statement should read
// import Excel9.*; // Excel support
import com.ms.com.*; // Variant & exception support.
import java.lang.InterruptedException; // Needed for Thread.sleep().
(These are illustrated in the code sample below.)
In the Class1 entry point and the main() function, add code
so that your program appears as follows:
/**
* This class can take a variable number of parameters on the command
* line. Program execution begins with the main() method. The class
* constructor is not invoked unless an object of type 'Class1'
* created in the main() method.
*/
import excel.*; // for Excel 2002, or - import excel9.*; for Excel 2000 or later
// or - import excel8.*; for Excel 97
import java.lang.InterruptedException; // needed for thread.sleep
import com.ms.com.*; // Variant & exception support<BR/>
public class Class1
{
/**
* The main entry point for the application.
*
* @param args Array of parameters passed to the application
* via the command line.
*/
//==============================================================
// Add the following static member function declaration
// just before main()...
// J/Direct declarations... to use Windows MessageBox
/** @dll.import("USER32") */
private static native int MessageBox(int hwndOwner, String text,
String title, int fuStyle);
// Here is an example of its use.
// MessageBox(0, "Hello, World", "Title", 0); //fuStyle switch
// values are defined in Winuser.h. Search on 'MB_OK'
//==============================================================
public static void main (String[] args)
{
// Force COM objects to be created on the current thread.
// Otherwise, older VMs might not release all references
// and Excel might continue to run after you shutdown.
ComLib.declareMessagePumpThread();
// Launch Excel
Variant vEmpty = new Variant();
vEmpty.noParam();
Application xlApp = new Application();
//xlApp.setVisible(0,true); // Excel 2000 & 97 1st param is LCID, Locale ID
xlApp.setVisible(true); // One argument for Excel 2002 or later
// Get the workbook object via the object model.
Workbooks books = xlApp.getWorkbooks();
_Workbook book = books.Add(vEmpty,0);
// Get the first sheet.
Sheets sheets = (Sheets)book.getSheets();
_Worksheet sheet = (_Worksheet)sheets.getItem(new Variant(1));
// Fill cells A1, B1, C1, and D1, one cell at a time, with "headers".
Range range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("A1"),new Variant("A1"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("First Name")); // Throughout, the SetValue
// of Excel 97 and Excel 2000 no longer works in Excel 2002 or later.
range.setValue2(new Variant("First Name"));
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("B1"),new Variant("B1"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("Last Name"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("Last Name"));
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("C1"),new Variant("C1"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("Full Name"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("Full Name"));
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("D1"),new Variant("D1"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("Salary"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("Salary"));
// Format A1:D1 as bold, vertical alignment = center
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("A1"),new Variant("D1"));
Font font = range.getFont();
font.setBold(new Variant(true));
range.setVerticalAlignment(new Variant(-4108));
// Fill range A2:B6 with first and last names,
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("A2"),new Variant("A2"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("John"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("John"));
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("B2"),new Variant("B2"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("Smith"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("Smith"));
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("A3"),new Variant("A3"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("Tom"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("Tom"));
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("B3"),new Variant("B3"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("Brown"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("Brown"));
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("A4"),new Variant("A4"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("Sue"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("Sue"));
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("B4"),new Variant("B4"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("Thomas"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("Thomas"));
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("A5"),new Variant("A5"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("Jane"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("Jane"));
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("B5"),new Variant("B5"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("Jones"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("Jones"));
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("A6"),new Variant("A6"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("Adam"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("Adam"));
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("B6"),new Variant("B6"));
//range.setValue(new Variant("Johnson"));
range.setValue2(new Variant("Johnson"));
// Fill range C2:C6 with a relative formula(=A2 & " " & B2")
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("C2"),new Variant("C6"));
range.setFormula(new Variant("=A2 & \" \" & B2"));
// Fill D2:D6 with a formula (=RAND()*100000) and apply a
// number format
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("D2"),new Variant("D6"));
range.setFormula(new Variant("=RAND()*100000"));
range.setNumberFormat(new Variant("$0.00"));
// AutoFit columns A:D
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("A1"),new Variant("D1"));
Range columns = range.getEntireColumn();
columns.AutoFit();
// Manipulate a variable number of columns
// for Quarterly Sales Data
short NumQtrs;
String msg;
String msg2;
msg2 = " "; // Initialize it to avoid compile error
int reply;
Range resizedrange;
Interior interior;
Borders borders;
// Determine how many quarters to display data for.
for(NumQtrs = 1; NumQtrs<=4; NumQtrs++)
{
if (NumQtrs == 1)
{
msg = "Enter sales data for " + NumQtrs + " quarter?";
msg2 = "Displaying data for " + NumQtrs + " quarter";
}
else
{
msg = "Enter sales data for " + NumQtrs + " quarters?";
msg2 = "Displaying data for " + NumQtrs + " quarters";
}
reply = MessageBox(0, msg, "Indicate Quarters", 36);
if(6 == reply) break;
} // end For loop
MessageBox(0, msg2, "Data Setting", 0);
if(5 == NumQtrs) // Limit display to <=4 quarters
{
NumQtrs = 4;
}
// Starting at E1, fill headers for number of columns selected.
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("E1"),new Variant("E1"));
resizedrange = range.getResize(vEmpty, new Variant(NumQtrs));
resizedrange.setFormula(
new Variant("= \"Q\" & COLUMN()-4 & CHAR(10)& \"Sales\""));
// Change the Orientation and Wrap Text properties for the headers.
resizedrange.setOrientation(new Variant(38));
resizedrange.setWrapText(new Variant(true));
// Fill the interior colors of the headers.
interior = resizedrange.getInterior();
interior.setColorIndex(new Variant(36));
// Fill the columns with a formula and apply a number format.
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("E2"),new Variant("E6"));
resizedrange = range.getResize(vEmpty, new Variant(NumQtrs));
resizedrange.setFormula(new Variant("=RAND()*100"));
resizedrange.setNumberFormat(new Variant("$0.00"));
// Apply Borders to the Sales data and headers
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("E1"), new Variant("E6"));
resizedrange = range.getResize(vEmpty, new Variant(NumQtrs));
borders = resizedrange.getBorders();
borders.setWeight(new Variant(2)); // xlThin = 2
// Add Totals formula for Quarterly sales data, apply a border.
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("E8"),new Variant("E8"));
resizedrange = range.getResize(vEmpty, new Variant(NumQtrs));
resizedrange.setFormula(new Variant("=SUM(E2:E6)"));
borders = resizedrange.getBorders();
Border bottomborder;
bottomborder = borders.getItem(9); // Bottom border
bottomborder.setLineStyle(new Variant(-4119)); // xlDouble = -4119
bottomborder.setWeight(new Variant(4)); // xlThick = 4
// Some more features: Add comment to cell C3 - Full
// name of Tom Brown
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("C3"),new Variant("C3"));
range.AddComment(new Variant("Tom was last month's top performer"));
// Chart the Salaries.
double Left = 72.; // location in points
double Top = 144.;
double Width = 350.;
double Height = 250.;
ChartObjects chartobjects =
(ChartObjects)sheet.ChartObjects(vEmpty,0); // explicit typecast
ChartObject chartobject = chartobjects.Add(Left, Top, Width, Height);
// Set the location and size.
Chart chart = chartobject.getChart();
range = sheet.getRange(new Variant("C2"), new Variant("D6"));
// Full name and salary.
range.Select();
chart.ChartWizard(new Variant(range), // Source
new Variant(11), // Gallery
vEmpty, // Format
new Variant(1), // PlotBy
new Variant(0), // CategoryLabels
new Variant(1), // SeriesLabels
new Variant(true), // HasLegend
new Variant("Salary by Employee"), //Title
new Variant("Employee"), //CategoryTitle
new Variant("Salary"), //ValueTitle
vEmpty, // ExtraTitle
0 // LCID(localeID)
);
// Make the application visible and give the user control of
// Microsoft Excel.
// xlApp.setVisible(0,true); // 1st param is LCID, Locale ID.
// The preceding was done at beginning of the program.
xlApp.setUserControl(true);
MessageBox(0, "When Excel hides, Minimize VJ++ IDE to see Excel",
"Focus on Excel", 327744);
//book.setSaved(0,true); // Avoid "Save changes" dialog
//xlApp.Quit(); // Not if using UserControl
} // End of Main()
} // End of Class
From the Debug menu, click Start. The program builds, packages, and runs. When it runs, a Console
window appears and some time later Excel appears. A dialog box prompting you on
how may Quarters to chart will appear on top unless you click anywhere on your
screen after the program starts. If you have clicked the screen the dialog box
will be minimized on the Windows task bar. If the program appears to hang,
restore to 'Normal' the dialog box that is on your task bar.
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