The sample code below illustrates how to use the
list::back, list::front, list::pop_back, list::pop_front, list::push_back, and
list::push_front STL functions in Visual C++.
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Required header
<list>
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Prototype
reference back();
const_reference back() const;
reference front();
const_reference front() const;
void pop_back();
void pop_front();
void push_back(const T& x);
void push_front(const T& x);
The class/parameter names in the prototype may not match the
version in the header file. Some have been modified to improve readability.
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Description
The member function back returns a reference to the last element
of the controlled sequence. The member function front returns a reference to
the first element of the controlled sequence. The member function pop_back
removes the last element of the controlled sequence. The member function
pop_front removes the first element of the controlled sequence. All the above
functions require that the controlled sequence be non-empty.
The
member function push_back inserts an element with value x at the end of the
controlled sequence. The member function push_front inserts an element with
value x at the beginning of the controlled sequence.
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Sample code
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Compile options needed: -GX
//
// liststck.cpp : This example shows how to use the various stack
// like functions of list.
//
// Functions:
//
// list::back
// list::front
// list::pop_back
// list::pop_front
// list::push_back
// list::push_front
//
// Written by Andrew Bradnan
// Copyright (c) 1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <list>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#if _MSC_VER > 1020 // if VC++ version is > 4.2
using namespace std; // std c++ libs implemented in std
#endif
typedef list<string, allocator<string> > LISTSTR;
void main()
{
LISTSTR test;
test.push_back("back");
test.push_front("middle");
test.push_front("front");
// front
cout << test.front() << endl;
// back
cout << test.back() << endl;
test.pop_front();
test.pop_back();
// middle
cout << test.front() << endl;
}
The Program Output is:
front
back
middle
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For more information about list::back and list::front,
visit the following Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) Web site:
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