DAVERAGE function

This article describes the formula syntax and usage of the DAVERAGE function in Microsoft Excel.

Description

Averages the values in a field (column) of records in a list or database that match conditions you specify.

Syntax

DAVERAGE(database, field, criteria)

The DAVERAGE function syntax has the following arguments:

Database is the range of cells that makes up the list or database. A database is a list of related data in which rows of related information are records, and columns of data are fields. The first row of the list contains labels for each column.
Field indicates which column is used in the function. Enter the column label enclosed between double quotation marks, such as "Age" or "Yield," or a number (without quotation marks) that represents the position of the column within the list: 1 for the first column, 2 for the second column, and so on.
Criteria is the range of cells that contains the conditions you specify. You can use any range for the criteria argument, as long as it includes at least one column label and at least one cell below the column label in which you specify a condition for the column.

Remarks

You can use any range for the criteria argument, as long as it includes at least one column label and at least one cell below the column label for specifying the condition.

For example, if the range G1:G2 contains the column label Income in G1 and the amount 10,000 in G2, you could define the range as MatchIncome and use that name as the criteria argument in the database functions.
Although the criteria range can be located anywhere on the worksheet, do not place the criteria range below the list. If you add more information to the list, the new information is added to the first row below the list. If the row below the list is not blank, Excel cannot add the new information.
Make sure the criteria range does not overlap the list.
To perform an operation on an entire column in a database, enter a blank line below the column labels in the criteria range.

Examples

Copy the example data in the following table, and paste it in cell A1 of a new Excel worksheet. For formulas to show results, select them, press F2, and then press Enter. If you need to, you can adjust the column widths to see all the data.

Tree	Height	Age	Yield	Profit	Height
=Apple	>10				<16
=Pear
Tree	Height	Age	Yield	Profit
Apple	18	20	14	105
Pear	12	12	10	96
Cherry	13	14	9	105
Apple	14	15	10	75
Pear	9	8	8	76.8
Apple	8	9	6	45
Formula	Description	Result
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10, "Yield", A1:B2)	The average yield of apple trees over 10 feet in height.	12
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10, 3, A4:E10)	The average age of all trees in the database.	13

Criteria examples

Typing an equal sign in a cell indicates you want to enter a formula. To display text that includes an equal sign, surround the text and the equal sign with double quotes, like so:

"=Davolio"

You also do that if you're entering an expression (a combination of formulas, operators, and text) and you want to display the equal sign instead of have Excel use it in a calculation. For example:

=''= entry ''

Where entry is the text or value you want to find. For example:

What you type in the cell	What Excel evaluates and displays
="=Davolio"	=Davolio
="=3000"	=3000

When filtering text data, Excel does not distinguish between uppercase and lowercase characters. However, you can use a formula to perform a case-sensitive search. For an example, see Filtering for text by using a case-sensitive search, later in this article.

The following sections provide examples of complex criteria.

Multiple criteria in one column

Boolean logic: (Salesperson = "Davolio" OR Salesperson = "Buchanan")

To find rows that meet multiple criteria for one column, type the criteria directly below each other in separate rows of the criteria range.

In the following data range (A6:C10), the criteria range (B1:B3) displays the rows that contain either "Davolio" or "Buchanan" in the Salesperson column (A8:C10).

	A	B	C
1	Type	Salesperson	Sales
2		=Davolio
3		=Buchanan
4
5
6	Type	Salesperson	Sales
7	Beverages	Suyama	$5122
8	Meat	Davolio	$450
9	produce	Buchanan	$6328
10	Produce	Davolio	$6544

Multiple criteria in multiple columns where all criteria must be true

Boolean logic: (Type = "Produce" AND Sales > 1000)

To find rows that meet multiple criteria in multiple columns, type all of the criteria in the same row of the criteria range.

In the following data range (A6:C10), the criteria range (A1:C2) displays all rows that contain "Produce" in the Type column and a value greater than $1,000 in the Sales column (A9:C10).

	A	B	C
1	Type	Salesperson	Sales
2	=Produce		>1000
3
4
5
6	Type	Salesperson	Sales
7	Beverages	Suyama	$5122
8	Meat	Davolio	$450
9	produce	Buchanan	$6328
10	Produce	Davolio	$6544

Multiple criteria in multiple columns where any criteria can be true

Boolean logic: (Type = "Produce" OR Salesperson = "Davolio")

To find rows that meet multiple criteria in multiple columns, where any criteria can be true, type the criteria in different rows of the criteria range.

In the following data range (A6:C10), the criteria range (A1:B3) displays all rows that contain "Produce" in the Type column or "Davolio" in the Salesperson column (A8:C10).

	A	B	C
1	Type	Salesperson	Sales
2	=Produce
3		=Davolio
4
5
6	Type	Salesperson	Sales
7	Beverages	Suyama	$5122
8	Meat	Davolio	$450
9	produce	Buchanan	$6328
10	Produce	Davolio	$6544

Multiple sets of criteria where each set includes criteria for multiple columns

Boolean logic: ( (Salesperson = "Davolio" AND Sales >3000) OR (Salesperson = "Buchanan" AND Sales > 1500) )

To find rows that meet multiple sets of criteria, where each set includes criteria for multiple columns, type each set of criteria in separate rows.

In the following data range (A6:C10), the criteria range (B1:C3) displays the rows that contain both "Davolio" in the Salesperson column and a value greater than $3,000 in the Sales column, or displays the rows that contain "Buchanan" in the Salesperson and a value greater than $1,500 in the Sales column (A9:C10).

	A	B	C
1	Type	Salesperson	Sales
2		=Davolio	>3000
3		=Buchanan	>1500
4
5
6	Type	Salesperson	Sales
7	Beverages	Suyama	$5122
8	Meat	Davolio	$450
9	produce	Buchanan	$6328
10	Produce	Davolio	$6544

Multiple sets of criteria where each set includes criteria for one column

Boolean logic: ( (Sales > 6000 AND Sales < 6500 ) OR (Sales < 500) )

To find rows that meet multiple sets of criteria, where each set includes criteria for one column, include multiple columns with the same column heading.

In the following data range (A6:C10), the criteria range (C1:D3) displays rows that contain values between 6,000 and 6,500 and values less than 500 in the Sales column (A8:C10).

	A	B	C	D
1	Type	Salesperson	Sales	Sales
2			>6000	<6500
3			<500
4
5
6	Type	Salesperson	Sales
7	Beverages	Suyama	$5122
8	Meat	Davolio	$450
9	produce	Buchanan	$6328
10	Produce	Davolio	$6544

Criteria to find text values that share some characters but not others

To find text values that share some characters but not others, do one or more of the following:

Type one or more characters without an equal sign (=) to find rows with a text value in a column that begin with those characters. For example, if you type the text Dav as a criterion, Excel finds "Davolio," "David," and "Davis."
Use a wildcard character.

The following wildcard characters can be used as comparison criteria.

Use	To find
? (question mark)	Any single characterFor example, sm?th finds "smith" and "smyth"
* (asterisk)	Any number of charactersFor example, *east finds "Northeast" and "Southeast"
~ (tilde) followed by ?, *, or ~	A question mark, asterisk, or tildeFor example, fy91~? finds "fy91?"

In the following data range (A6:C10), the criteria range (A1:B3) displays rows with "Me" as the first characters in the Type column or rows with the second character equal to "u" in the Salesperson column (A7:C9).

	A	B	C
1	Type	Salesperson	Sales
2	Me
3		=?u*
4
5
6	Type	Salesperson	Sales
7	Beverages	Suyama	$5122
8	Meat	Davolio	$450
9	produce	Buchanan	$6328
10	Produce	Davolio	$6544

Criteria created as the result of a formula

You can use a calculated value that is the result of a formula as your criterion. Remember the following important points:

The formula must evaluate to TRUE or FALSE.
Because you are using a formula, enter the formula as you normally would, and do not type the expression in the following way:

=''= entry ''
Do not use a column label for criteria labels; either keep the criteria labels blank or use a label that is not a column label in the range (in the examples below, Calculated Average and Exact Match).

If you use a column label in the formula instead of a relative cell reference or a range name, Excel displays an error value such as #NAME? or #VALUE! in the cell that contains the criterion. You can ignore this error because it does not affect how the range is filtered.
The formula that you use for criteria must use a relative reference to refer to the corresponding cell in the first row (in the examples below, C7 and A7).
All other references in the formula must be absolute references.

The following subsections provide specific examples of criteria created as the result of a formula.

Filtering for values greater than the average of all values in the data range

In the following data range (A6:D10), the criteria range (D1:D2) displays rows that have a value in the Sales column greater than the average of all the Sales values (C7:C10). In the formula, "C7" refers to the filtered column (C) of the first row of the data range (7).

	A	B	C	D
1	Type	Salesperson	Sales	Calculated Average
2				=C7>AVERAGE($C$7:$C$10)
3
4
5
6	Type	Salesperson	Sales
7	Beverages	Suyama	$5122
8	Meat	Davolio	$450
9	produce	Buchanan	$6328
10	Produce	Davolio	$6544

Filtering for text by using a case-sensitive search

In the data range (A6:D10), the criteria range (D1:D2) displays rows that contain "Produce" in the Type column by using the EXACT function to perform a case-sensitive search (A10:C10). In the formula, "A7" refers to the filtered column (A) of the first row of the data range (7).

	A	B	C	D
1	Type	Salesperson	Sales	Exact Match
2				=EXACT(A7, "Produce")
3
4
5
6	Type	Salesperson	Sales
7	Beverages	Suyama	$5122
8	Meat	Davolio	$450
9	produce	Buchanan	$6328
10	Produce	Davolio	$6544