Use the map::end, map::find, map::insert, map::iterator, and map::value_type STL functions in Visual C++

This article illustrates how to use the map::end, map::find, map::insert, map::iterator, and map::value_type Standard Template Library (STL) symbols in Visual C++.

Original product version:   Visual C++
Original KB number:   157159

Required header

<map>

Prototypes

iterator map::end();

// Key is the data type of template argument #1 for map
iterator map::find(const Key& key);
pair<iterator, bool> map::insert(const value_type& x);

Description

The end() function returns an iterator that points one past the end of a sequence.

Find returns an iterator that chooses the first element whose sort key equals key. If no such element exists, the iterator equals end().

If the key doesn't already exist, insert will add it to the sequence and return pair<iterator, true>. If the key already exists, insert doesn't add it to the sequence and returns pair <iterator, false>.

The following sample creates a map of ints to strings. In this case, the mapping is from digits to their string equivalents (1 -> One, 2 -> Two, and so on.).

The program reads a number from the user, finds the word equivalent for each digit (using the map), and prints the number back as a series of words. For example, if the user enters 25463, the program responds with: Two Five Four Six Three.

Sample code

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Compile options needed: None
// <filename> : main.cpp
// Functions:
// end
// find
// insert
// of Microsoft Product Support Services,
// Copyright (c) 1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// disable warning C4018: '<' : signed/unsigned mismatch
// okay to ignore

#pragma warning(disable: 4018)

#pragma warning(disable:4786)
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
using namespace std;

typedef map<int, string, less<int>, allocator<string> > INT2STRING;
void main()
{
    // 1. Create a map of ints to strings
    INT2STRING theMap;
    INT2STRING::iterator theIterator;
    string theString = "";
    int index;
    // Fill it with the digits 0 - 9, each mapped to its string counterpart
    // Note: value_type is a pair for maps...
    theMap.insert(INT2STRING::value_type(0,"Zero"));
    theMap.insert(INT2STRING::value_type(1,"One"));
    theMap.insert(INT2STRING::value_type(2,"Two"));
    theMap.insert(INT2STRING::value_type(3,"Three"));
    theMap.insert(INT2STRING::value_type(4,"Four"));
    theMap.insert(INT2STRING::value_type(5,"Five"));
    theMap.insert(INT2STRING::value_type(6,"Six"));
    theMap.insert(INT2STRING::value_type(7,"Seven"));
    theMap.insert(INT2STRING::value_type(8,"Eight"));
    theMap.insert(INT2STRING::value_type(9,"Nine"));
    // Read a Number from the user and print it back as words
    for( ; ; )
    {
       cout << "Enter \"q\" to quit, or enter a Number: ";
       cin >> theString;
       if(theString == "q")
           break;
       // extract each digit from the string, find its corresponding
       // entry in the map (the word equivalent) and print it
       for(index = 0; index < theString.length(); index++){
           theIterator = theMap.find(theString[index] - '0');
           if(theIterator != theMap.end()) // is 0 - 9
               cout << (*theIterator).second << " ";
           else // some character other than 0 - 9
               cout << "[err] ";
       }
       cout << endl;
    }
}

Program output:

Enter "q" to quit, or enter a Number: 22
Two Two
Enter "q" to quit, or enter a Number: 33
Three Three
Enter "q" to quit, or enter a Number: 456
Four Five Six
Enter "q" to quit, or enter a Number: q

References

For the same information about map::end, map::find, and map::insert, visit map::insert, map::find, and map::end.