Microsoft разпространява Microsoft SQL Server 2008 и 2008 R2 поправя като един файл за изтегляне. Тъй като корекциите са кумулативни, всяка нова версия съдържа всички актуални корекции и всички корекции на защитата, които са били включени в предишното издание на SQL Server 2008 и 2008 R2.
Симптоми
Обмислете следния сценарий:
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Можете да инсталирате Microsoft SQL Server 2008 за услуги за отчет за Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (SP2) сборна актуализация 1.
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Създавате проект на сървър за отчети в Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Business Intelligence Development Studio (офертите).
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Създавате Tablix за данни в отчета. Знакът за нова страница се показва в областта за данни на Tablix . Например знакът за нова страница се вмъква в областта за данни на Tablix , защото размерът на страницата е ограничен или вмъквате логическа нова страница в областта за данни на Tablix .
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Можете да експортирате отчета във файл на преносим документен формат (PDF) или във файлов формат с етикет (TIFF).
В този случай получавате следното съобщение за грешка:
Елемент със същия ключ вече е добавен.
Освен това PDF или TIFF файлът не се отваря, ако се опитате да го отворите.
Решение
Информация за сборна актуализация
SQL Server 2008 R2
Корекцията за този проблем е издадена за първи път в сборна актуализация 6. За повече информация как да получите тази кумулативна актуализация на пакета за SQL Server 2008 R2, щракнете върху следния номер на статия, за да видите статията в базата знания на Microsoft:
2489376 Кумулативна актуализация на пакета 6 за SQL Server 2008 R2 Забележка Тъй като компилациите са кумулативни, всяко ново издание за корекция съдържа всички поправки и всички корекции на защитата, които са били включени при предишното издание на SQL Server 2008 R2. Препоръчваме ви да обмислите прилагането на най-новото съобщение за корекция, което съдържа тази спешна корекция. За допълнителна информация щракнете върху следния номер на статия, за да прегледате статията в базата знания на Microsoft:
981356 SQL Server 2008 R2, които са издадени след издаването на SQL Server 2008 R2Корекцията за този проблем е издадена за първи път в сборна актуализация 2 за SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 2. За повече информация относно този пакет с кумулативна актуализация щракнете върху следния номер на статия, за да видите статията в базата знания на Microsoft:
2467239 Кумулативна актуализация на пакета 2 за SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 2Забележка Тъй като компилациите са кумулативни, всяко ново издание за корекция съдържа всички актуални корекции и всички корекции на защитата, които са били включени при предишното издание на SQL Server 2008 Fix. Microsoft препоръчва да обмислите прилагането на най-новото съобщение за корекция, което съдържа тази спешна корекция. За допълнителна информация щракнете върху следния номер на статия, за да прегледате статията в базата знания на Microsoft:
2402659 SQL Server 2008 изгражда, които са издадени след инсталирането на SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Спешните корекции за Microsoft SQL Server 2008 се създават за определени сервизни пакети на SQL Server. Трябва да приложите актуална корекция за SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 2 към инсталация на SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 2. По подразбиране всяка актуална корекция, която се предоставя в сервизния пакет на SQL Server, е включена в следващия сервизен пакет на SQL Server.
Състоянието
Microsoft потвърди, че това е проблем в продуктите на Microsoft, които са посочени в секцията "важи за".
Повече информация
Информация за стека на повикванията
При възникване на този проблем се регистрира стек за обаждания, който наподобява следната информация, във файла за регистрационни услуги на услугите за отчет:reportrendering!ReportServer_0-4!8cc!: e ERROR: Throwing Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.UnhandledReportRenderingException: , Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.UnhandledReportRenderingException: An error occurred during rendering of the report. ---> Microsoft.ReportingServices.OnDemandReportRendering.ReportRenderingException: An error occurred during rendering of the report. ---> System.ArgumentException: An item with the same key has already been added.at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentException(ExceptionResource resource)at System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2.Insert(TKey key, TValue value, Boolean add)at System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2.Add(TKey key, TValue value)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.TextBox.WriteStartItemToStream(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.TextBox.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.RowInfo.AddToPageContent(ScalableList`1 columnInfo, Int32& colsOnPage, Boolean isLTR, Boolean pinnedToParentCell, RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.SubReport.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.RowInfo.AddToPageContent(ScalableList`1 columnInfo, Int32& colsOnPage, Boolean isLTR, Boolean pinnedToParentCell, RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.RowInfo.AddToPageContent(ScalableList`1 columnInfo, Int32& colsOnPage, Boolean isLTR, Boolean pinnedToParentCell, RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.RowInfo.AddToPageContent(ScalableList`1 columnInfo, Int32& colsOnPage, Boolean isLTR, Boolean pinnedToParentCell, RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.ReportSection.NextPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, Int32 pageNumber, Int32 totalPages, Double top, Double availableHeight, ReportSection nextSection, Boolean isFirstSectionOnPage)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Report.NextPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, Int32 totalPages)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.HPBProcessing.GetNextPage(RPLReport& rplReport)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.ImageRenderer.PDFRenderer.Render(Report report, NameValueCollection deviceInfo, Hashtable renderProperties, CreateAndRegisterStream createAndRegisterStream)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.ImageRenderer.RendererBase.Render(Report report, NameValueCollection reportServerParameters, NameValueCollection deviceInfo, NameValueCollection clientCapabilities, Hashtable& renderProperties, CreateAndRegisterStream createAndRegisterStream)--- End of inner exception stack trace ---at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.ImageRenderer.RendererBase.Render(Report report, NameValueCollection reportServerParameters, NameValueCollection deviceInfo, NameValueCollection clientCapabilities, Hashtable& renderProperties, CreateAndRegisterStream createAndRegisterStream)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ReportProcessing.RenderFromOdpSnapshot(IRenderingExtension newRenderer, String streamName, ProcessingContext pc, RenderingContext rc)--- End of inner exception stack trace ---;library!ReportServer_0-4!8cc!:: i INFO: Exception UnhandledReportRenderingException dumped to: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSRS10_50.MSSQLSERVER\Reporting Services\Logfiles flags= AllMemory, AllThreads, SendToWatson date-time : e ERROR: Throwing Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.UnhandledReportRenderingException: , Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.UnhandledReportRenderingException: An error occurred during rendering of the report. ---> Microsoft.ReportingServices.OnDemandReportRendering.ReportRenderingException: An error occurred during rendering of the report. ---> System.ArgumentException: An item with the same key has already been added.at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentException(ExceptionResource resource)at System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2.Insert(TKey key, TValue value, Boolean add)at System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2.Add(TKey key, TValue value)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.TextBox.WriteStartItemToStream(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.TextBox.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.RowInfo.AddToPageContent(ScalableList`1 columnInfo, Int32& colsOnPage, Boolean isLTR, Boolean pinnedToParentCell, RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.SubReport.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.RowInfo.AddToPageContent(ScalableList`1 columnInfo, Int32& colsOnPage, Boolean isLTR, Boolean pinnedToParentCell, RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.RowInfo.AddToPageContent(ScalableList`1 columnInfo, Int32& colsOnPage, Boolean isLTR, Boolean pinnedToParentCell, RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.RowInfo.AddToPageContent(ScalableList`1 columnInfo, Int32& colsOnPage, Boolean isLTR, Boolean pinnedToParentCell, RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.ReportSection.NextPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, Int32 pageNumber, Int32 totalPages, Double top, Double availableHeight, ReportSection nextSection, Boolean isFirstSectionOnPage)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Report.NextPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, Int32 totalPages)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.HPBProcessing.GetNextPage(RPLReport& rplReport)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.ImageRenderer.PDFRenderer.Render(Report report, NameValueCollection deviceInfo, Hashtable renderProperties, CreateAndRegisterStream createAndRegisterStream)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.ImageRenderer.RendererBase.Render(Report report, NameValueCollection reportServerParameters, NameValueCollection deviceInfo, NameValueCollection clientCapabilities, Hashtable& renderProperties, CreateAndRegisterStream createAndRegisterStream)--- End of inner exception stack trace ---at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.ImageRenderer.RendererBase.Render(Report report, NameValueCollection reportServerParameters, NameValueCollection deviceInfo, NameValueCollection clientCapabilities, Hashtable& renderProperties, CreateAndRegisterStream createAndRegisterStream)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ReportProcessing.RenderFromOdpSnapshot(IRenderingExtension newRenderer, String streamName, ProcessingContext pc, RenderingContext rc)--- End of inner exception stack trace ---;library!ReportServer_0-4!8cc!:: i INFO: Exception UnhandledReportRenderingException dumped to: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSRS10_50.MSSQLSERVER\Reporting Services\Logfiles flags= AllMemory, AllThreads, SendToWatson date-time : i INFO: Exception UnhandledReportRenderingException dumped to: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSRS10_50.MSSQLSERVER\Reporting Services\Logfiles flags= AllMemory, AllThreads, SendToWatson date-time : e ERROR: Throwing Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.UnhandledReportRenderingException: , Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.UnhandledReportRenderingException: An error occurred during rendering of the report. ---> Microsoft.ReportingServices.OnDemandReportRendering.ReportRenderingException: An error occurred during rendering of the report. ---> System.ArgumentException: An item with the same key has already been added.at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentException(ExceptionResource resource)at System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2.Insert(TKey key, TValue value, Boolean add)at System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2.Add(TKey key, TValue value)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.TextBox.WriteStartItemToStream(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.TextBox.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.RowInfo.AddToPageContent(ScalableList`1 columnInfo, Int32& colsOnPage, Boolean isLTR, Boolean pinnedToParentCell, RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.SubReport.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.RowInfo.AddToPageContent(ScalableList`1 columnInfo, Int32& colsOnPage, Boolean isLTR, Boolean pinnedToParentCell, RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.RowInfo.AddToPageContent(ScalableList`1 columnInfo, Int32& colsOnPage, Boolean isLTR, Boolean pinnedToParentCell, RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.RowInfo.AddToPageContent(ScalableList`1 columnInfo, Int32& colsOnPage, Boolean isLTR, Boolean pinnedToParentCell, RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Tablix.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.PageItemContainer.AddToPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, PageContext pageContext, Double pageLeft, Double pageTop, Double pageRight, Double pageBottom, RepeatState repeatState)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.ReportSection.NextPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, Int32 pageNumber, Int32 totalPages, Double top, Double availableHeight, ReportSection nextSection, Boolean isFirstSectionOnPage)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.Report.NextPage(RPLWriter rplWriter, Int32 totalPages)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.HPBProcessing.HPBProcessing.GetNextPage(RPLReport& rplReport)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.ImageRenderer.PDFRenderer.Render(Report report, NameValueCollection deviceInfo, Hashtable renderProperties, CreateAndRegisterStream createAndRegisterStream)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.ImageRenderer.RendererBase.Render(Report report, NameValueCollection reportServerParameters, NameValueCollection deviceInfo, NameValueCollection clientCapabilities, Hashtable& renderProperties, CreateAndRegisterStream createAndRegisterStream)--- End of inner exception stack trace ---at Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.ImageRenderer.RendererBase.Render(Report report, NameValueCollection reportServerParameters, NameValueCollection deviceInfo, NameValueCollection clientCapabilities, Hashtable& renderProperties, CreateAndRegisterStream createAndRegisterStream)at Microsoft.ReportingServices.ReportProcessing.ReportProcessing.RenderFromOdpSnapshot(IRenderingExtension newRenderer, String streamName, ProcessingContext pc, RenderingContext rc)--- End of inner exception stack trace ---;library!ReportServer_0-4!8cc!:: i INFO: Exception UnhandledReportRenderingException dumped to: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSRS10_50.MSSQLSERVER\Reporting Services\Logfiles flags= AllMemory, AllThreads, SendToWatson date-time : i INFO: Exception UnhandledReportRenderingException dumped to: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSRS10_50.MSSQLSERVER\Reporting Services\Logfiles flags= AllMemory, AllThreads, SendToWatson
Препратки
За повече информация за рендирането посетете следния уеб сайт на Microsoft TechNet:
Gereral информация за рендиранеЗа повече информация как да използвате областите за данни на Tablix , посетете следния уеб сайт на мрежата за разработчици на Microsoft (MSDN):
