Use absolute references

Standard cell references change proportionally when a formula is copied to other locations in a sheet. Absolute cell references refer to a fixed row and column, no matter where the formula is copied.

• Absolute references use a $ before the row or column value. For example, $D3, D$3, or $D$3 represent absolute values for a column ($D), a row ($3), or both column and row ($D$3). 

• You can mix absolute references with standard references for uses like calculating sales tax on an item. For example, =sum(B3+(B3*$A$5)), where B3 is a sales item, and A5 is the tax rate. The formula always uses the same tax rate at A5 whether it's copied across or down. 

Tip: When selecting cells, use F4 to convert cell references to absolute ones. Repeated pressing of F4 cycles through all options: =$A$5, =A$5, =$A5, and =A5. 

Standard cell references change proportionally when a formula is copied to other locations in a sheet. Absolute cell references refer to a fixed row and column, no matter where the formula is copied.

• Absolute references use a $ before the row or column value. For example, $D3, D$3, or $D$3 represent absolute values for a column ($D), a row ($3), or both column and row ($D$3). 

• You can mix absolute references with standard references for uses like calculating sales tax on an item. For example, =sum(B3+(B3*$A$5)), where B3 is a sales item, and A5 is the tax rate. The formula always uses the same tax rate at A5 whether it's copied across or down. 

Tip: When selecting cells, use ⌘+t to convert cell references to absolute ones. Repeated pressing of ⌘+t cycles through all options: =$A$5, =A$5, =$A5, and =A5. 

Standard cell references change proportionally when a formula is copied to other locations in a sheet. Absolute cell references refer to a fixed row and column, no matter where the formula is copied.

• Absolute references use a $ before the row or column value. For example, $D3, D$3, or $D$3 represent absolute values for a column ($D), a row ($3), or both column and row ($D$3). 

• You can mix absolute references with standard references for uses like calculating sales tax on an item. For example, =sum(B3+(B3*$A$5)), where B3 is a sales item, and A5 is the tax rate. The formula always uses the same tax rate at A5 whether it's copied across or down. 

Tip: When selecting cells, use F4 to converts cell references to absolute ones. Repeated pressing of F4 cycles through all options: =$A$5, =A$5, =$A5, and =A5.