Uvod

Microsoft je razvil vzorčni skript ogrodja PowerShell, s pomočjo katerega lahko avtomatizirate posodabljanje obnovitvenega okolja sistema Windows (WinRE) v uvedenih napravah, s katerimi lahko ranljivosti v CVE-2022-41099 naslovite.

Vzorčni skript ogrodja PowerShell

Vzorčni skript PowerShell je razvila skupina za Microsoftov izdelek za avtomatizacijo posodabljanja slik WinRE v napravah s sistemom Windows 10 in Windows 11 napravah. Zaženite skript s skrbniškimi poverilnicami v ogrodju PowerShell v prizadetih napravah. Na voljo sta dva skripta – skript, ki ga morate uporabiti, je odvisen od različice sistema Windows, ki ga uporabljate. Uporabite ustrezno različico za svoje okolje.

PatchWinREScript_2004plus.ps1 (priporočeno)

Ta skript je za Windows 10, različico 2004 in novejše različice, vključno s Windows 11. Priporočamo, da uporabite to različico skripta, ker je bolj robustna, vendar uporablja funkcije, ki so na voljo le v Windows 10, različici 2004 in novejših različicah.

################################################################################################

#

# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.

# Licensed under the MIT License.

#

# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED *AS IS*, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR

# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE

# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER

# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,

# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE

# SOFTWARE.

#

################################################################################################

Param (

[Parameter(HelpMessage="Work Directory for patch WinRE")][string]$workDir="",

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,HelpMessage="Path of target package")][string]$packagePath

)

# ------------------------------------

# Help functions

# ------------------------------------

# Log message

function LogMessage([string]$message)

{

$message = "$([DateTime]::Now) - $message"

Write-Host $message

}

function IsTPMBasedProtector

{

$DriveLetter = $env:SystemDrive

LogMessage("Checking BitLocker status")

$BitLocker = Get-WmiObject -Namespace "Root\cimv2\Security\MicrosoftVolumeEncryption" -Class "Win32_EncryptableVolume" -Filter "DriveLetter = '$DriveLetter'"

if(-not $BitLocker)

{

LogMessage("No BitLocker object")

return $False

}

$protectionEnabled = $False

switch ($BitLocker.GetProtectionStatus().protectionStatus){

("0"){

LogMessage("Unprotected")

break

}

("1"){

LogMessage("Protected")

$protectionEnabled = $True

break

}

("2"){

LogMessage("Uknown")

break

}

default{

LogMessage("NoReturn")

break

}

}

if (!$protectionEnabled)

{

LogMessage("Bitlocker isn’t enabled on the OS")

return $False

}

$ProtectorIds = $BitLocker.GetKeyProtectors("0").volumekeyprotectorID

$return = $False

foreach ($ProtectorID in $ProtectorIds){

$KeyProtectorType = $BitLocker.GetKeyProtectorType($ProtectorID).KeyProtectorType

switch($KeyProtectorType){

"1"{

LogMessage("Trusted Platform Module (TPM)")

$return = $True

break

}

"4"{

LogMessage("TPM And PIN")

$return = $True

break

}

"5"{

LogMessage("TPM And Startup Key")

$return = $True

break

}

"6"{

LogMessage("TPM And PIN And Startup Key")

$return = $True

break

}

default {break}

}#endSwitch

}#EndForeach

if ($return)

{

LogMessage("Has TPM-based protector")

}

else

{

LogMessage("Doesn't have TPM-based protector")

}

return $return

}

function SetRegistrykeyForSuccess

{

reg add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PushButtonReset /v WinREPathScriptSucceed /d 1 /f

}

function TargetfileVersionExam([string]$mountDir)

{

# Exam target binary

$targetBinary=$mountDir + "\Windows\System32\bootmenuux.dll"

LogMessage("TargetFile: " + $targetBinary)

$realNTVersion = [Diagnostics.FileVersionInfo]::GetVersionInfo($targetBinary).ProductVersion

$versionString = "$($realNTVersion.Split('.')[0]).$($realNTVersion.Split('.')[1])"

$fileVersion = $($realNTVersion.Split('.')[2])

$fileRevision = $($realNTVersion.Split('.')[3])

LogMessage("Target file version: " + $realNTVersion)

if (!($versionString -eq "10.0"))

{

LogMessage("Not Windows 10 or later")

return $False

}

$hasUpdated = $False

#Windows 10, version 1507 10240.19567

#Windows 10, version 1607 14393.5499

#Windows 10, version 1809 17763.3646

#Windows 10, version 2004 1904X.2247

#Windows 11, version 21H2 22000.1215

#Windows 11, version 22H2 22621.815

switch ($fileVersion) {

"10240" {

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1507")

if ($fileRevision -ge 19567)

{

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1507 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 19567, updates have been applied")

$hasUpdated = $True

}

break

}

"14393" {

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1607")

if ($fileRevision -ge 5499)

{

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1607 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 5499, updates have been applied")

$hasUpdated = $True

}

break

}

"17763" {

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1809")

if ($fileRevision -ge 3646)

{

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1809 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 3646, updates have been applied")

$hasUpdated = $True

}

break

}

"19041" {

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 2004")

if ($fileRevision -ge 2247)

{

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 2004 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 2247, updates have been applied")

$hasUpdated = $True

}

break

}

"22000" {

LogMessage("Windows 11, version 21H2")

if ($fileRevision -ge 1215)

{

LogMessage("Windows 11, version 21H2 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 1215, updates have been applied")

$hasUpdated = $True

}

break

}

"22621" {

LogMessage("Windows 11, version 22H2")

if ($fileRevision -ge 815)

{

LogMessage("Windows 11, version 22H2 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 815, updates have been applied")

$hasUpdated = $True

}

break

}

default {

LogMessage("Warning: unsupported OS version")

}

}

return $hasUpdated

}

function PatchPackage([string]$mountDir, [string]$packagePath)

{

# Exam target binary

$hasUpdated =TargetfileVersionExam($mountDir)

if ($hasUpdated)

{

LogMessage("The update has already been added to WinRE")

SetRegistrykeyForSuccess

return $False

}

# Add package

LogMessage("Apply package:" + $packagePath)

Dism /Add-Package /Image:$mountDir /PackagePath:$packagePath

if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)

{

LogMessage("Successfully applied the package")

}

else

{

LogMessage("Applying the package failed with exit code: " + $LASTEXITCODE)

return $False

}

# Cleanup recovery image

LogMessage("Cleanup image")

Dism /image:$mountDir /cleanup-image /StartComponentCleanup /ResetBase

if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)

{

LogMessage("Cleanup image succeed")

}

else

{

LogMessage("Cleanup image failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)

return $False

}

return $True

}

# ------------------------------------

# Execution starts

# ------------------------------------

# Check breadcrumb

if (Test-Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PushButtonReset)

{

$values = Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PushButtonReset

if (!(-not $values))

{

if (Get-Member -InputObject $values -Name WinREPathScriptSucceed)

{

$value = Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PushButtonReset -Name WinREPathScriptSucceed

if ($value.WinREPathScriptSucceed -eq 1)

{

LogMessage("This script was previously run successfully")

exit 1

}

}

}

}

if ([string]::IsNullorEmpty($workDir))

{

LogMessage("No input for mount directory")

LogMessage("Use default path from temporary directory")

$workDir = [System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()

}

LogMessage("Working Dir: " + $workDir)

$name = "CA551926-299B-27A55276EC22_Mount"

$mountDir = Join-Path $workDir $name

LogMessage("MountDir: " + $mountdir)

# Delete existing mount directory

if (Test-Path $mountDir)

{

LogMessage("Mount directory: " + $mountDir + " already exists")

LogMessage("Try to unmount it")

Dism /unmount-image /mountDir:$mountDir /discard

if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0))

{

LogMessage("Warning: unmount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)

}

LogMessage("Delete existing mount direcotry " + $mountDir)

Remove-Item $mountDir -Recurse

}

# Create mount directory

LogMessage("Create mount directory " + $mountDir)

New-Item -Path $mountDir -ItemType Directory

# Set ACL for mount directory

LogMessage("Set ACL for mount directory")

icacls $mountDir /inheritance:r

icacls $mountDir /grant:r SYSTEM:"(OI)(CI)(F)"

icacls $mountDir /grant:r *S-1-5-32-544:"(OI)(CI)(F)"

# Mount WinRE

LogMessage("Mount WinRE:")

reagentc /mountre /path $mountdir

if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)

{

# Patch WinRE

if (PatchPackage -mountDir $mountDir -packagePath $packagePath)

{

$hasUpdated = TargetfileVersionExam($mountDir)

if ($hasUpdated)

{

LogMessage("After patch, find expected version for target file")

}

else

{

LogMessage("Warning: After applying the patch, unexpected version found for the target file")

}

LogMessage("Patch succeed, unmount to commit change")

Dism /unmount-image /mountDir:$mountDir /commit

if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0))

{

LogMessage("Unmount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)

exit 1

}

else

{

if ($hasUpdated)

{

if (IsTPMBasedProtector)

{

# Disable WinRE and re-enable it to let new WinRE be trusted by BitLocker

LogMessage("Disable WinRE")

reagentc /disable

LogMessage("Re-enable WinRE")

reagentc /enable

reagentc /info

}

# Leave a breadcrumb indicates the script has succeed

SetRegistrykeyForSuccess

}

}

}

else

{

LogMessage("Patch failed or is not applicable, discard unmount")

Dism /unmount-image /mountDir:$mountDir /discard

if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0))

{

LogMessage("Unmount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)

exit 1

}

}

}

else

{

LogMessage("Mount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)

}

# Cleanup Mount directory in the end

LogMessage("Delete mount direcotry")

Remove-Item $mountDir -Recurse

PatchWinREScript_General.ps1

Ta skript je za Windows 10 različico 1909 in starejše različice, vendar se izvaja v vseh različicah Windows 10 in Windows 11.

################################################################################################

#

# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.

# Licensed under the MIT License.

#

# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED *AS IS*, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR

# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE

# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER

# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,

# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE

# SOFTWARE.

#

################################################################################################

Param (

[Parameter(HelpMessage="Work Directory for patch WinRE")][string]$workDir="",

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,HelpMessage="Path of target package")][string]$packagePath

)

# ------------------------------------

# Help functions

# ------------------------------------

# Log message

function LogMessage([string]$message)

{

$message = "$([DateTime]::Now) - $message"

Write-Host $message

}

function IsTPMBasedProtector

{

$DriveLetter = $env:SystemDrive

LogMessage("Checking BitLocker status")

$BitLocker = Get-WmiObject -Namespace "Root\cimv2\Security\MicrosoftVolumeEncryption" -Class "Win32_EncryptableVolume" -Filter "DriveLetter = '$DriveLetter'"

if(-not $BitLocker)

{

LogMessage("No BitLocker object")

return $False

}

$protectionEnabled = $False

switch ($BitLocker.GetProtectionStatus().protectionStatus){

("0"){

LogMessage("Unprotected")

break

}

("1"){

LogMessage("Protected")

$protectionEnabled = $True

break

}

("2"){

LogMessage("Uknown")

break

}

default{

LogMessage("NoReturn")

break

}

}

if (!$protectionEnabled)

{

LogMessage("Bitlocker isn’t enabled on the OS")

return $False

}

$ProtectorIds = $BitLocker.GetKeyProtectors("0").volumekeyprotectorID

$return = $False

foreach ($ProtectorID in $ProtectorIds){

$KeyProtectorType = $BitLocker.GetKeyProtectorType($ProtectorID).KeyProtectorType

switch($KeyProtectorType){

"1"{

LogMessage("Trusted Platform Module (TPM)")

$return = $True

break

}

"4"{

LogMessage("TPM And PIN")

$return = $True

break

}

"5"{

LogMessage("TPM And Startup Key")

$return = $True

break

}

"6"{

LogMessage("TPM And PIN And Startup Key")

$return = $True

break

}

default {break}

}#endSwitch

}#EndForeach

if ($return)

{

LogMessage("Has TPM-based protector")

}

else

{

LogMessage("Doesn't have TPM-based protector")

}

return $return

}

function SetRegistrykeyForSuccess

{

reg add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PushButtonReset /v WinREPathScriptSucceed /d 1 /f

}

function TargetfileVersionExam([string]$mountDir)

{

# Exam target binary

$targetBinary=$mountDir + "\Windows\System32\bootmenuux.dll"

LogMessage("TargetFile: " + $targetBinary)

$realNTVersion = [Diagnostics.FileVersionInfo]::GetVersionInfo($targetBinary).ProductVersion

$versionString = "$($realNTVersion.Split('.')[0]).$($realNTVersion.Split('.')[1])"

$fileVersion = $($realNTVersion.Split('.')[2])

$fileRevision = $($realNTVersion.Split('.')[3])

LogMessage("Target file version: " + $realNTVersion)

if (!($versionString -eq "10.0"))

{

LogMessage("Not Windows 10 or later")

return $False

}

$hasUpdated = $False

#Windows 10, version 1507 10240.19567

#Windows 10, version 1607 14393.5499

#Windows 10, version 1809 17763.3646

#Windows 10, version 2004 1904X.2247

#Windows 11, version 21H2 22000.1215

#Windows 11, version 22H2 22621.815

switch ($fileVersion) {

"10240" {

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1507")

if ($fileRevision -ge 19567)

{

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1507 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 19567, updates have been applied")

$hasUpdated = $True

}

break

}

"14393" {

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1607")

if ($fileRevision -ge 5499)

{

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1607 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 5499, updates have been applied")

$hasUpdated = $True

}

break

}

"17763" {

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1809")

if ($fileRevision -ge 3646)

{

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1809 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 3646, updates have been applied")

$hasUpdated = $True

}

break

}

"19041" {

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 2004")

if ($fileRevision -ge 2247)

{

LogMessage("Windows 10, version 2004 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 2247, updates have been applied")

$hasUpdated = $True

}

break

}

"22000" {

LogMessage("Windows 11, version 21H2")

if ($fileRevision -ge 1215)

{

LogMessage("Windows 11, version 21H2 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 1215, updates have been applied")

$hasUpdated = $True

}

break

}

"22621" {

LogMessage("Windows 11, version 22H2")

if ($fileRevision -ge 815)

{

LogMessage("Windows 11, version 22H2 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 815, updates have been applied")

$hasUpdated = $True

}

break

}

default {

LogMessage("Warning: unsupported OS version")

}

}

return $hasUpdated

}

function PatchPackage([string]$mountDir, [string]$packagePath)

{

# Exam target binary

$hasUpdated = TargetfileVersionExam($mountDir)

if ($hasUpdated)

{

LogMessage("The update has already been added to WinRE")

SetRegistrykeyForSuccess

return $False

}

# Add package

LogMessage("Apply package:" + $packagePath)

Dism /Add-Package /Image:$mountDir /PackagePath:$packagePath

if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)

{

LogMessage("Successfully applied the package")

}

else

{

LogMessage("Applying the package failed with exit code: " + $LASTEXITCODE)

return $False

}

# Cleanup recovery image

LogMessage("Cleanup image")

Dism /image:$mountDir /cleanup-image /StartComponentCleanup /ResetBase

if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)

{

LogMessage("Cleanup image succeed")

}

else

{

LogMessage("Cleanup image failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)

return $False

}

return $True

}

# ------------------------------------

# Execution starts

# ------------------------------------

# Check breadcrumb

if (Test-Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PushButtonReset)

{

$values = Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PushButtonReset

if (!(-not $values))

{

if (Get-Member -InputObject $values -Name WinREPathScriptSucceed)

{

$value = Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PushButtonReset -Name WinREPathScriptSucceed

if ($value.WinREPathScriptSucceed -eq 1)

{

LogMessage("This script was previously run successfully")

exit 1

}

}

}

}

# Get WinRE info

$WinREInfo = Reagentc /info

$findLocation = $False

foreach ($line in $WinREInfo)

{

$params = $line.Split(':')

if ($params.count -le 1)

{

continue

}

if ($params[1].Lenght -eq 0)

{

continue

}

$content = $params[1].Trim()

if ($content.Lenght -eq 0)

{

continue

}

$index = $content.IndexOf("\\?\")

if ($index -ge 0)

{

LogMessage("Find \\?\ at " + $index + " for [" + $content + "]")

$WinRELocation = $content

$findLocation = $True

}

}

if (!$findLocation)

{

LogMessage("WinRE Disabled")

exit 1

}

LogMessage("WinRE Enabled. WinRE location:" + $WinRELocation)

$WinREFile = $WinRELocation + "\winre.wim"

if ([string]::IsNullorEmpty($workDir))

{

LogMessage("No input for mount directory")

LogMessage("Use default path from temporary directory")

$workDir = [System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()

}

LogMessage("Working Dir: " + $workDir)

$name = "CA551926-299B-27A55276EC22_Mount"

$mountDir = Join-Path $workDir $name

LogMessage("MountDir: " + $mountdir)

# Delete existing mount directory

if (Test-Path $mountDir)

{

LogMessage("Mount directory: " + $mountDir + " already exists")

LogMessage("Try to unmount it")

Dism /unmount-image /mountDir:$mountDir /discard

if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0))

{

LogMessage("Warning: unmount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)

}

LogMessage("Delete existing mount direcotry " + $mountDir)

Remove-Item $mountDir -Recurse

}

# Create mount directory

LogMessage("Create mount directory " + $mountDir)

New-Item -Path $mountDir -ItemType Directory

# Set ACL for mount directory

LogMessage("Set ACL for mount directory")

icacls $mountDir /inheritance:r

icacls $mountDir /grant:r SYSTEM:"(OI)(CI)(F)"

icacls $mountDir /grant:r *S-1-5-32-544:"(OI)(CI)(F)"

# Mount WinRE

LogMessage("Mount WinRE:")

Dism /mount-image /imagefile:$WinREFile /index:1 /mountdir:$mountDir

if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)

{

# Patch WinRE

if (PatchPackage -mountDir $mountDir -packagePath $packagePath)

{

$hasUpdated = TargetfileVersionExam($mountDir)

if ($hasUpdated)

{

LogMessage("After patch, find expected version for target file")

}

else

{

LogMessage("Warning: After applying the patch, unexpected version found for the target file")

}

LogMessage("Patch succeed, unmount to commit change")

Dism /unmount-image /mountDir:$mountDir /commit

if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0))

{

LogMessage("Unmount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)

exit 1

}

else

{

if ($hasUpdated)

{

if (IsTPMBasedProtector)

{

# Disable WinRE and re-enable it to let new WinRE be trusted by BitLocker

LogMessage("Disable WinRE")

reagentc /disable

LogMessage("Re-enable WinRE")

reagentc /enable

reagentc /info

}

# Leave a breadcrumb indicates the script has succeed

SetRegistrykeyForSuccess

}

}

}

else

{

LogMessage("Patch failed or is not applicable, discard unmount")

Dism /unmount-image /mountDir:$mountDir /discard

if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0))

{

LogMessage("Unmount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)

exit 1

}

}

}

else

{

LogMessage("Mount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)

}

# Cleanup Mount directory in the end

LogMessage("Delete mount direcotry")

Remove-Item $mountDir -Recurse

Več informacij

Ko se naprava zažene v različici sistema Windows, ki se izvaja v napravi, skript izvede te korake:

  1. Vpenjate obstoječo sliko WinRE (WINRE. (Wim).

  2. Posodobite sliko WinRE z določenim paketom dinamičnih posodobitev (posodobitev združljivosti) varnega operacijskega sistema, ki je na voljo Windows Update katalogu. Priporočamo, da uporabite najnovejšo dinamično posodobitev varnega operacijskega sistema, ki je na voljo za različico sistema Windows, ki je nameščena v napravi.

  3. Izpnite sliko WinRE.

  4. Če je na voljo zaščita pred modulom zaupanja TPM za BitLocker, znova konfigurira WinRE za storitev BitLocker.

    Pomembno Ta korak ni na voljo v večini skriptov drugih ponudnikov za uporabo posodobitev za sliko WinRE.

Uporaba

V skript je mogoče podati te parametre:

Parameter

Opis

workDir

<Izbirno> Določa prazen prostor, ki se uporablja za popravljajo WinRE. Če ni navedeno, skript uporabi privzeto začasno mapo za napravo.

packagePath

<Zahtevano> Določa pot in ime paketa dinamičnih posodobitev varnega operacijskega sistema, specifičnega za različico operacijskega sistema, in arhitekture procesorja, ki bo uporabljen za posodobitev slike WinRE.Opomba To je lahko lokalna pot ali oddaljena pot UNC, vendar je treba prenesti dinamično posodobitev varnega operacijskega sistema in jo uporabiti.

Primer: 

.\PatchWinREScript_2004plus.ps1 -packagePath "\\server\share\windows10.0-kb5021043-x64_efa19d2d431c5e782a59daaf2d.cab

Sklici

How to Write and Run Scripts in the Windows PowerShell ISE 

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