Symptoms
When you execute the db_name() or db_id() function in an instance of SQL Server, permissions are not checked as expected. Therefore, the data that's returned may contain information that you don't have permissions for.
Resolution
This issue is fixed in the following cumulative update for SQL Server:
Each new cumulative update for SQL Server contains all the hotfixes and all the security fixes that were included with the previous cumulative update. Check out the latest cumulative updates for SQL Server:
Status
Microsoft has confirmed that this is a problem in the Microsoft products that are listed in the "Applies to" section.
References
For information about the permissions that are required for these functions, see the DB_NAME (Transact-SQL) and DB_ID (Transact-SQL) topics on MSDN. Learn about the terminology that Microsoft uses to describe software updates.