By default, the Teams recycle bin holds files for 93 days before deleting it permanently. If the file was deleted within that time frame, try the following.
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Select Files in the Teams channel containing the file and choose Open in SharePoint.
If you don't see Open in SharePoint, select the ellipsis (...) at the end of the toolbar. -
When the SharePoint site opens, select Recycle bin (usually in the left navigation panel).
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Choose the file to recover and select Restore.
If you delete the item from the SharePoint site recycle bin, it goes into the site collection recycle bin. It stays there for the remainder of the 93 days, and then is permanently deleted. Contact your Teams admin for more info.
For more info, see Restore items in the recycle bin that were deleted from SharePoint or Teams.