Common problems with two-step verification for a work or school account ...
We've put together this article to describe fixes for the most common problems. Your Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) organization can turn on two-step verification for your account. When two-step verification is on, your account sign-in requires a combination of the following data: Your user name. Your password.
Set up Security info from a sign-in page - Microsoft Support
Follow these steps to set up your security info for your work or school account from the prompt. Important: This is only an example of the process. Depending on your organization's requirements, your administrator might have set up different verification methods that you'll need to set up during this process.