Learn how to use the INDIRECT function to return the reference specified by a text string. See syntax, arguments, examples, and limitations of this function in Excel.

Excel's upgraded formula language is almost identical to the old language, except that it uses the @ operator to indicate where implicit intersection could occur, whereas the old language did this silently.

Lists all Excel functions by their category, such as Logical functions or Text functions.

Referencing a closed workbook with INDIRECT In the following example, an INDIRECT function is attempting to reference a workbook that's closed, causing a #REF! error. Open the referenced workbook. You'll encounter the same error if you reference a closed workbook with a dynamic array function.

This new dynamic array behavior can also affect earlier functions that have the ability to return a multi-cell range or array. Below is a list of functions that could return multi-cell ranges or arrays in what we refer to as pre-dynamic array Excel.

Beginning with the September 2018 update for Microsoft 365, any formula that can return multiple results will automatically spill them either down, or across into neighboring cells. This change in behavior is also accompanied by several new dynamic array functions.

When one function (we'll call this Function B) is used as an argument in another function (we'll call this Function A), Function B acts as a second-level function.

Use a 3-D reference in Excel to reference several worksheets, such as when you consolidate budget data from different departments in your organization.

Comment utiliser la fonction INDIRECT dans Excel pour modifier la référence à une cellule dans une formule sans modifier la formule elle-même.

To enter another function as an argument, enter the function in the argument box in the Formula Builder or directly into the cell. Enter any additional arguments that are needed to complete your formula.