Summary
SQL Server enables compression of database backups and log backups. This can be achieved by using either the compression flag in the Backup command or through the sp_configure backup_compression option. For Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)-enabled databases, you must explicitly set the MAXTRANSFERSIZE setting to be greater than 64 KB in the Backup command to achieve effective compression.
Although this limitation can be easily worked around for the Backup command, this cannot be done for backups that are generated through Log Shipping. Log Shipping currently does not provide a way (either through UI or as a command line parameter) to set the MAXTRANSFERSIZE property. In this fix, log shipping internally sets the MAXTRANSFERSIZE to 1 MB so that effective compression can be achieved when a database is enabled for TDE. The MAXTRANSFERSIZE setting is not exposed to log shipping users.
More information
This update is included in the hotfix that is described in the following article:
4099490 On-demand hotfix update package for SQL Server 2016 SP1
Cumulative update for SQL Server:
This issue is fixed in the following cumulative updates for SQL Server:
Cumulative Update 2 for SQL Server 2016 SP2 Cumulative Update 10 for SQL Server 2016 SP1
Each new cumulative update for SQL Server contains all the hotfixes and all the security fixes that were included with the previous cumulative update. Check out the latest cumulative updates for SQL Server: