There are a few Windows features that can change the colors of various things on your screen to variations of black and white.
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If all of Windows (everything you see) is black and white, check your Ease of Access settings:
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If you see a black screen with white text and some bright colors: Go to Settings > Ease of Access. Select High Contrast, and check if Turn on high contrast is set to On. If so, slide it to Off.
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If you see a white screen with black text: Go to Settings > Ease of Access. Select Color Filters and check if Turn on color filters is set to On and if it is, check if Grayscale is selected. If so, select Turn on color filters to set it to Off.
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If your black and white screen is limited to specific items, such as the Windows taskbar, or the background of some apps, check your Personalization settings:
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Go to Settings > Personalization > Colors.
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Check your settings under Choose your color. If it is set to Light, this can set items like the taskbar and app backgrounds to white.  Dark sets these to black. If Choose your color is set to Custom, check the default Windows mode and default app mode settings. The default Windows mode setting determines the appearance of things like the Start Menu, taskbar, and the Action Center, while the default app mode setting impacts things like File Explorer or the Settings app.
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