MS14-025: Group Policy eelistused haavatavus võib lubada õiguste tõstmist: 13 mai 2014

Olulised muudatused

Toiming: Luua või asendada

• Kasutaja nimi, paroolja Kinnitage parool väljad on keelatud.

• Hoiatusteate dialoogiboks kuvatakse, kui administraator avaneb või püüab soodustuse, mis sisaldab parooli muudatusi salvestada.

Toiming: värskendus

• Parool ja Kinnitage parool väljad on keelatud.

• Hoiatusteate dialoogiboks kuvatakse, kui administraator avaneb või püüab soodustuse, mis sisaldab parooli muudatusi salvestada.

Toiming: kustutamine

• Käitumine muutunud

Lahendused

Neile, kes varem toetuvad Group Policy eelistamine säte kohaliku administraatori parooli, järgmine skript on ette nähtud turvaline alternatiiv CPassword. Kopeerida ja sisu uue Windows PowerShelli faili salvestada ja seejärel käivitage skript, nagu on kirjeldatud selle. Näide jaotis.

Microsoft pakub programmeerimisnäiteid ainult artikli illustreerimiseks ilma igasuguse otsese või kaudse garantiita. See hõlmab, kuid ei piirdu kaudseid garantiisid turustatavuse või kindlaks otstarbeks sobivusega. See artikkel eeldab, et olete demonstreeritava programmeerimiskeelega programmeerimise keel ning luua protseduuride ja silumiseks kasutatavate tööriistadega tuttav. Microsofti tugitehnikud võivad aidata mõne konkreetse protseduuri talitlust selgitada. Siiski ei muuda nad neid näiteid lisafunktsioonide pakkumiseks ega Koosta vastavaid protseduure teie konkreetsetele nõuetele.

function Invoke-PasswordRoll
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS

This script can be used to set the local account passwords on remote machines to random passwords. The username/password/server combination will be saved in a CSV file.
The account passwords stored in the CSV file can be encrypted using a password of the administrators choosing to ensure clear-text account passwords aren't written to disk.
The encrypted passwords can be decrypted using another function in this file: ConvertTo-CleartextPassword


Function: Invoke-PasswordRoll
Author: Microsoft
Version: 1.0

.DESCRIPTION

This script can be used to set the local account passwords on remote machines to random passwords. The username/password/server combination will be saved in a CSV file.
The account passwords stored in the CSV file can be encrypted using a password of the administrators choosing to ensure clear-text account passwords aren't written to disk.
The encrypted passwords can be decrypted using another function in this file: ConvertTo-CleartextPassword

.PARAMETER ComputerName

An array of computers to run the script against using PowerShell remoting.

.PARAMETER LocalAccounts

An array of local accounts whose password should be changed.

.PARAMETER TsvFileName

The file to output the username/password/server combinations to.

.PARAMETER EncryptionKey

A password to encrypt the TSV file with. Uses AES encryption. Only the passwords stored in the TSV file will be encrypted, the username and servername will be clear-text.

.PARAMETER PasswordLength

The length of the passwords which will be randomly generated for local accounts.

.PARAMETER NoEncryption

Do not encrypt the account passwords stored in the TSV file. This will result in clear-text passwords being written to disk.

.EXAMPLE

. .\Invoke-PasswordRoll.ps1 #Loads the functions in this script file
Invoke-PasswordRoll -ComputerName (Get-Content computerlist.txt) -LocalAccounts @("administrator","CustomLocalAdmin") -TsvFileName "LocalAdminCredentials.tsv" -EncryptionKey "Password1"

Connects to all the computers stored in the file "computerlist.txt". If the local account "administrator" and/or "CustomLocalAdmin" are present on the system, their password is changed
to a randomly generated password of length 20 (the default). The username/password/server combinations are stored in LocalAdminCredentials.tsv, and the account passwords are AES encrypted using the password "Password1".

.EXAMPLE

. .\Invoke-PasswordRoll.ps1 #Loads the functions in this script file
Invoke-PasswordRoll -ComputerName (Get-Content computerlist.txt) -LocalAccounts @("administrator") -TsvFileName "LocalAdminCredentials.tsv" -NoEncryption -PasswordLength 40

Connects to all the computers stored in the file "computerlist.txt". If the local account "administrator" is present on the system, its password is changed to a random generated
password of length 40. The username/password/server combinations are stored in LocalAdminCredentials.tsv unencrypted.

.NOTES
Requirements:
-PowerShellv2 or above must be installed
-PowerShell remoting must be enabled on all systems the script will be run against

Script behavior:
-If a local account is present on the system, but not specified in the LocalAccounts parameter, the script will write a warning to the screen to alert you to the presence of this local account. The script will continue running when this happens.
-If a local account is specified in the LocalAccounts parameter, but the account does not exist on the computer, nothing will happen (an account will NOT be created).
-The function ConvertTo-CleartextPassword, contained in this file, can be used to decrypt passwords that are stored encrypted in the TSV file.
-If a server specified in ComputerName cannot be connected to, PowerShell will output an error message.
-Microsoft advises companies to regularly roll all local and domain account passwords.

#>
[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName="Encryption")]
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String[]]
$ComputerName,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String[]]
$LocalAccounts,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String]
$TsvFileName,

[Parameter(ParameterSetName="Encryption", Mandatory=$true)]
[String]
$EncryptionKey,

[Parameter()]
[ValidateRange(20,120)]
[Int]
$PasswordLength = 20,

[Parameter(ParameterSetName="NoEncryption", Mandatory=$true)]
[Switch]
$NoEncryption
)


#Load any needed .net classes
Add-Type -AssemblyName "System.Web" -ErrorAction Stop


#This is the scriptblock that will be executed on every computer specified in ComputerName
$RemoteRollScript = {
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=1)]
[String[]]
$Passwords,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
[String[]]
$LocalAccounts,

#This is here so I can record what the server name that the script connected to was, sometimes the DNS records get messed up, it can be nice to have this.
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=3)]
[String]
$TargettedServerName
)

$LocalUsers = Get-WmiObject Win32_UserAccount -Filter "LocalAccount=true" | Foreach {$_.Name}

#Check if the computer has any local user accounts whose passwords are not going to be rolled by this script
foreach ($User in $LocalUsers)
{
if ($LocalAccounts -inotcontains $User)
{
Write-Warning "Server: '$($TargettedServerName)' has a local account '$($User)' whos password is NOT being changed by this script"
}
}

#For every local account specified that exists on this server, change the password
$PasswordIndex = 0
foreach ($LocalAdmin in $LocalAccounts)
{
$Password = $Passwords[$PasswordIndex]

if ($LocalUsers -icontains $LocalAdmin)
{
try
{
$objUser = [ADSI]"WinNT://localhost/$($LocalAdmin), user"
$objUser.psbase.Invoke("SetPassword", $Password)

$Properties = @{
TargettedServerName = $TargettedServerName
Username = $LocalAdmin
Password = $Password
RealServerName = $env:computername
}

$ReturnData = New-Object PSObject -Property $Properties
Write-Output $ReturnData
}
catch
{
Write-Error "Error changing password for user:$($LocalAdmin) on server:$($TargettedServerName)"
}
}

$PasswordIndex++
}
}


#Generate the password on the client running this script, not on the remote machine. System.Web.Security isn't available in the .NET Client profile. Making this call
# on the client running the script ensures only 1 computer needs the full .NET runtime installed (as opposed to every system having the password rolled).
function Create-RandomPassword
{
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[ValidateRange(20,120)]
[Int]
$PasswordLength
)

$Password = [System.Web.Security.Membership]::GeneratePassword($PasswordLength, $PasswordLength / 4)

#This should never fail, but I'm putting a sanity check here anyways
if ($Password.Length -ne $PasswordLength)
{
throw new Exception("Password returned by GeneratePassword is not the same length as required. Required length: $($PasswordLength). Generated length: $($Password.Length)")
}

return $Password
}


#Main functionality - Generate a password and remote in to machines to change the password of local accounts specified
if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -ieq "Encryption")
{
try
{
$Sha256 = new-object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider
$SecureStringKey = $Sha256.ComputeHash([System.Text.UnicodeEncoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($EncryptionKey))
}
catch
{
Write-Error "Error creating TSV encryption key" -ErrorAction Stop
}
}

foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName)
{
#Need to generate 1 password for each account that could be changed
$Passwords = @()
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $LocalAccounts.Length; $i++)
{
$Passwords += Create-RandomPassword -PasswordLength $PasswordLength
}

Write-Output "Connecting to server '$($Computer)' to roll specified local admin passwords"
$Result = Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $RemoteRollScript -ArgumentList @($Passwords, $LocalAccounts, $Computer) -ComputerName $Computer
#If encryption is being used, encrypt the password with the user supplied key prior to writing to disk
if ($Result -ne $null)
{
if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -ieq "NoEncryption")
{
$Result | Select-Object Username,Password,TargettedServerName,RealServerName | Export-Csv -Append -Path $TsvFileName -NoTypeInformation
}
else
{
#Filters out $null entries returned
$Result = $Result | Select-Object Username,Password,TargettedServerName,RealServerName

foreach ($Record in $Result)
{
$PasswordSecureString = ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force -String ($Record.Password)
$Record | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name EncryptedPassword -Value (ConvertFrom-SecureString -Key $SecureStringKey -SecureString $PasswordSecureString)
$Record.PSObject.Properties.Remove("Password")
$Record | Select-Object Username,EncryptedPassword,TargettedServerName,RealServerName | Export-Csv -Append -Path $TsvFileName -NoTypeInformation
}
}
}
}
}


function ConvertTo-CleartextPassword
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
This function can be used to decrypt passwords that were stored encrypted by the function Invoke-PasswordRoll.

Function: ConvertTo-CleartextPassword
Author: Microsoft
Version: 1.0

.DESCRIPTION
This function can be used to decrypt passwords that were stored encrypted by the function Invoke-PasswordRoll.


.PARAMETER EncryptedPassword

The encrypted password that was stored in a TSV file.

.PARAMETER EncryptionKey

The password used to do the encryption.


.EXAMPLE

. .\Invoke-PasswordRoll.ps1 #Loads the functions in this script file
ConvertTo-CleartextPassword -EncryptionKey "Password1" -EncryptedPassword 76492d1116743f0423413b16050a5345MgB8AGcAZgBaAHUAaQBwADAAQgB2AGgAcABNADMASwBaAFoAQQBzADEAeABjAEEAPQA9AHwAZgBiAGYAMAA1ADYANgA2ADEANwBkADQAZgAwADMANABjAGUAZQAxAGIAMABiADkANgBiADkAMAA4ADcANwBhADMAYQA3AGYAOABkADcAMQA5ADQAMwBmAGYANQBhADEAYQBjADcANABkADIANgBhADUANwBlADgAMAAyADQANgA1ADIAOQA0AGMAZQA0ADEAMwAzADcANQAyADUANAAzADYAMAA1AGEANgAzADEAMQA5ADAAYwBmADQAZAA2AGQA"

Decrypts the encrypted password which was stored in the TSV file.

#>
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String]
$EncryptedPassword,

[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String]
$EncryptionKey
)

$Sha256 = new-object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider
$SecureStringKey = $Sha256.ComputeHash([System.Text.UnicodeEncoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($EncryptionKey))

[SecureString]$SecureStringPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $EncryptedPassword -Key $SecureStringKey
Write-Output ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToCoTaskMemUnicode($SecureStringPassword)))
}

Administraatorid lisamiseks Active Directory rühmale loomine ja lisamine kohalike administraatorite rühma kaudu Group Policy eelistused arvutitega kohaliku administraatori konto -> Kohalik rühm. See toiming ei Salvesta vahemällu mandaat. Dialoogiboksi sarnaneb järgmisega. See lahendus ei nõua ühenduse Active Directory Domain Services, kui kasutaja on sisse logitud, kasutades neid mandaate.

Olulised muudatused

Toiming: Luua, värskenduse või asendada

• Kasutaja nimi, paroolja parooli kinnitus väljad on keelatud.

Toiming: kustutamine

• Käitumine muutunud

Lahendused

Parooli meetodi kasutamise autentimise asemel saate kasutada Windows Explorerit hallata ühiskasutusõigused ja eraldada kasutajate õigusi. Saate kasutada Active Directory objektide kontroll õigused kausta.

Olulised muudatused

Käivitus: Ei muuda, automaatne või käsitsi

• Väljad parool ja parooli kinnitus on keelatud.

• Administraator saab kasutada ainult sisseehitatud kontodega.

Käivitus: keelamine

• Käitumine muutunud

Uue dialoogiboksi

• Administraatorid, kes proovida kasutada mitte ehitatud-kasutajad selle konto"kuvada järgmine hoiatus:

Lahendused

Kohaliku süsteemikontona saate käitada veel teenuseid. Teenuse õigusi saate muuta järgmises Microsofti teabebaasi (Knowledge Base) artiklis käsitletud:

256345 kuidas konfigureerida rühmapoliitika sätteid turvalisuse süsteemiteenused seadmine

Pange tähele, kui soovite konfigureerida teenus on olemas, peate konfigureerima sätted arvutis, kus on teenus töötab.

Olulised muudatused

Toiming: Luua, värskenduse või asendada

• Kui valite suvandi Käivita, kas kasutaja on sisse logitud või mitte , kuvatakse dialoogiboks enam palub administraatori mandaati.

• Salvestada parooli väli on keelatud. Vaikimisi kontrollitakse ka ruut.

Toiming: kustutamine

Käitumine muutunud

Lahendused

Jaoks on "ajastatud ülesande (vähemalt Windows 7)" ja "kohe ülesande (vähemalt Windows 7)" ülesandeid, saavad administraatorid kasutada teatud Kasutajakontod antud kasutaja sisselogimisel. Või need on ainult juurdepääsu kohalikele ressurssidele selle kasutajana. Nende toimingute käivitada seoses kohalik teenus.

Olulised muudatused

Toiming: Luua, värskenduse või asendada

• Märkeruut Käivita kui on keelatud. Seetõttu Kasutaja nimi, paroolja Kinnitage parool väljad on kõik keelatud.

Toiming: kustutamine

Käitumine muutunud

Lahendused

"Ajastatud toiming" ja "Vahetu ülesanne (Windows XP)" üksused käivitada ajastatud ülesanded kohalik teenus praegu saadaolevate õigustega.

Olulised muudatused

Toiming: Luua, värskenduse või asendada

• Kasutaja nimi, paroolja Kinnitage parool väljad on keelatud:

Toiming: kustutamine

• Käitumine muutunud

Lahendused

No lahendused on saadaval. See eelistus salvestab enam juurdepääsu parooliga kaitstud andmeallikatega mandaat.

CPassword eelistused

See skript tuleb käivitada kohalik kataloog domeenikontrolleris, mida soovite kustutada. Kopeerida ja sisu uue Windows PowerShelli faili salvestada, määratleda süsteemidraivi ja seejärel käivitage skript vastavalt järgmise kasutuse.

<#.SYNOPSIS
Group Policy objects in your domain can have preferences that store passwords for different tasks, such as the following:
1. Data Sources
2. Drive Maps
3. Local Users
4. Scheduled Tasks (both XP and up-level)
5. Services
These passwords are stored in SYSVOL as part of GP preferences and are not secure because of weak encryption (32-byte AES).
Therefore, we recommend that you not deploy such preferences in your domain environment and remove any such existing
preferences. This script is to help administrator find GP Preferences in their domain's SYSVOL that contains passwords.

.DESCRIPTION
This script should be run on a DC or a client computer that is installed with RSAT to print all the preferences that contain
password with information such as GPO, Preference Name, GPEdit path under which this preference is defined.
After you have a list of affected preferences, these preferences can be removed by using the editor in the Group Policy Management Console.

.SYNTAX
Get-SettingsWithCPassword.ps1 [-Path <String>]
.EXAMPLE
Get-SettingsWithCPassword.ps1 -Path %WinDir%\SYSVOL\domain
Get-SettingsWithCPassword.ps1 -Path <GPO Backup Folder Path>

.NOTES
If Group Policy PS module is not found the output will contain GPO GUIDs instead of GPO names. You can either run
this script on a domain controller or rerun the script on the client after you have installed RSAT and
enabled the Group Policy module.
Or, you can use GPO GUIDs to obtain GPO names by using the Get-GPO cmdlet.

.LINK
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=390507

#>
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Input parameters
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
param(
[string]$Path = $(throw "-Path is required.") # Directory path where GPPs are located.
)
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$isGPModuleAvailable = $false
$impactedPrefs = { "Groups.xml", "ScheduledTasks.xml","Services.xml", "DataSources.xml", "Drives.xml" }
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# import Group olicy module if available
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (-not (Get-Module -name "GroupPolicy"))
{
if (Get-Module -ListAvailable |
Where-Object { $_.Name -ieq "GroupPolicy" })
{
$isGPModuleAvailable = $true
Import-Module "GroupPolicy"
}
else
{
Write-Warning "Unable to import Group Policy module for PowerShell. Therefore, GPO guids will be reported.
Run this script on DC to obtain the GPO names, or use the Get-GPO cmdlet (on DC) to obtain the GPO name from GPO guid."
}
}
else
{
$isGPModuleAvailable = $true
}
Function Enum-SettingsWithCpassword ( [string]$sysvolLocation )
{
# GPMC tree paths
$commonPath = " -> Preferences -> Control Panel Settings -> "
$driveMapPath = " -> Preferences -> Windows Settings -> "

# Recursively obtain all the xml files within the SYVOL location
$impactedXmls = Get-ChildItem $sysvolLocation -Recurse -Filter "*.xml" | Where-Object { $impactedPrefs -cmatch $_.Name }


# Each xml file contains multiple preferences. Iterate through each preference to check whether it
# contains cpassword attribute and display it.
foreach ( $file in $impactedXmls )
{
$fileFullPath = $file.FullName

# Set GPP category. If file is located under Machine folder in SYSVOL
# the setting is defined under computer configuration otherwise the
# setting is a to user configuration
if ( $fileFullPath.Contains("Machine") )
{
$category = "Computer Configuration"
}
elseif ( $fileFullPath.Contains("User") )
{
$category = "User Configuration"
}
else
{
$category = "Unknown"
}
# Obtain file content as XML
try
{
[xml]$xmlFile = get-content $fileFullPath -ErrorAction Continue
}
catch [Exception]{
Write-Host $_.Exception.Message
}
if ($xmlFile -eq $null)
{
continue
}
switch ( $file.BaseName )
{
Groups
{
$gppWithCpassword = $xmlFile.SelectNodes("Groups/User") | where-Object { [String]::IsNullOrEmpty($_.Properties.cpassword) -eq $false }
$preferenceType = "Local Users"
}
ScheduledTasks
{
$gppWithCpassword = $xmlFile.SelectNodes("ScheduledTasks/*") | where-Object { [String]::IsNullOrEmpty($_.Properties.cpassword) -eq $false }
$preferenceType = "Scheduled Tasks"
}
DataSources
{
$gppWithCpassword = $xmlFile.SelectNodes("DataSources/DataSource") | where-Object { [String]::IsNullOrEmpty($_.Properties.cpassword) -eq $false }
$preferenceType = "Data sources"
}
Drives
{
$gppWithCpassword = $xmlFile.SelectNodes("Drives/Drive") | where-Object { [String]::IsNullOrEmpty($_.Properties.cpassword) -eq $false }
$preferenceType = "Drive Maps"
}
Services
{
$gppWithCpassword = $xmlFile.SelectNodes("NTServices/NTService") | where-Object { [String]::IsNullOrEmpty($_.Properties.cpassword) -eq $false }
$preferenceType = "Services"
}
default
{ # clear gppWithCpassword and preferenceType for next item.
try
{
Clear-Variable -Name gppWithCpassword -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Clear-Variable -Name preferenceType -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
}
catch [Exception]{}
}
}
if ($gppWithCpassword -ne $null)
{
# Build GPO name from GUID extracted from filePath
$guidRegex = [regex]"\{(.*)\}"
$match = $guidRegex.match($fileFullPath)
if ($match.Success)
{
$gpoGuid = $match.groups[1].value
$gpoName = $gpoGuid
}
else
{
$gpoName = "Unknown"
}
if($isGPModuleAvailable -eq $true)
{
try
{
$gpoInfo = Get-GPO -Guid $gpoGuid -ErrorAction Continue
$gpoName = $gpoInfo.DisplayName
}
catch [Exception] {
Write-Host $_.Exception.Message
}
}
# display prefrences that contain cpassword
foreach ( $gpp in $gppWithCpassword )
{
if ( $preferenceType -eq "Drive Maps" )
{
$prefLocation = $category + $driveMapPath + $preferenceType
}
else
{
$prefLocation = $category + $commonPath + $preferenceType
}
$obj = New-Object -typeName PSObject
$obj | Add-Member –membertype NoteProperty –name GPOName –value ($gpoName) –passthru |
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -name Preference -value ($gpp.Name) -passthru |
Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -name Path -value ($prefLocation)
Write-Output $obj
}
} # end if $gppWithCpassword
} # end foreach $file
} # end functions Enum-PoliciesWithCpassword
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check whether Path is valid. Enumerate all settings that contain cpassword.
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (Test-Path $Path )
{
Enum-SettingsWithCpassword $Path
}
else
{
Write-Warning "No such directory: $Path"
}



Näiteks kasutamine (eeldab, et süsteemi draiv on C)

.\Get-SettingsWithCPassword.ps1 –path “C:\Windows\SYSVOL\domain” | Format-List
Märkus. Pange tähele, et saate ka sihtrühma mis tahes varundatud GPO tee asemel domeeni.

Tuvastamise skript loob loendi, mis sarnaneb järgmisega:



Pikema loendid Kujutage salvestamine väljund faili.

.\Get-SettingsWithCPassword.ps1 –path “C:\Windows\SYSVOL\domain” | ConvertTo-Html > gpps.html

CPassword eelistused eemaldamine

Eelistused, mis sisaldab CPassword andmeid eemaldamiseks soovitame kasutada rühmapoliitika halduskonsooli (GPMC) domeenikontrolleris või klient, mis on kaugserveri Haldustööriistad installitud. Saate eemaldada kõik eelistus viis sammu nende konsoolis. Selleks toimige järgmiselt.

1. Avage GPMC, eelistus, mis sisaldab CPassword andmeid.

2. Muutke tegevuse kustutada või keelata, kui eelistus.

3. Klõpsake nuppu OK muudatuste salvestamiseks.

4. Oodake üks või kaks rühmapoliitikat Värskenda tsükli muutuste levivad kõigile klientidele.

5. Kui muudatused rakendatakse kõigile allüksustele, kustutage eelistus.

6. Korrake samme 1 kuni 5 vastavalt vajadusele puhastada kogu teie keskkonnas. Kui tuvastamise skript tagastab null tulemusi, olete lõpetanud.