Inleiding
Microsoft heeft een PowerShell-voorbeeldscript ontwikkeld waarmee u het bijwerken van de Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) op geïmplementeerde apparaten kunt automatiseren om de beveiligingsproblemen in CVE-2022-41099 op te lossen.
PowerShell-voorbeeldscript
Het PowerShell-voorbeeldscript is ontwikkeld door het Microsoft-productteam om het bijwerken van WinRE-installatiekopieën op Windows 10 en Windows 11 apparaten te automatiseren. Voer het script uit met beheerdersreferenties in PowerShell op de betrokken apparaten. Er zijn twee scripts beschikbaar: welk script u moet gebruiken, is afhankelijk van de versie van Windows die u gebruikt. Gebruik de juiste versie voor uw omgeving.
PatchWinREScript_2004plus.ps1 (aanbevolen)
Dit script is voor Windows 10, versie 2004 en latere versies, inclusief Windows 11. U wordt aangeraden deze versie van het script te gebruiken, omdat deze robuuster is, maar functies gebruikt die alleen beschikbaar zijn op Windows 10, versie 2004 en latere versies.
################################################################################################
#
# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
# Licensed under the MIT License.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED *AS IS*, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
#
################################################################################################
Param (
[Parameter(HelpMessage="Work Directory for patch WinRE")][string]$workDir="",
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,HelpMessage="Path of target package")][string]$packagePath
)
# ------------------------------------
# Help functions
# ------------------------------------
# Log message
function LogMessage([string]$message)
{
$message = "$([DateTime]::Now) - $message"
Write-Host $message
}
function IsTPMBasedProtector
{
$DriveLetter = $env:SystemDrive
LogMessage("Checking BitLocker status")
$BitLocker = Get-WmiObject -Namespace "Root\cimv2\Security\MicrosoftVolumeEncryption" -Class "Win32_EncryptableVolume" -Filter "DriveLetter = '$DriveLetter'"
if(-not $BitLocker)
{
LogMessage("No BitLocker object")
return $False
}
$protectionEnabled = $False
switch ($BitLocker.GetProtectionStatus().protectionStatus){
("0"){
LogMessage("Unprotected")
break
}
("1"){
LogMessage("Protected")
$protectionEnabled = $True
break
}
("2"){
LogMessage("Uknown")
break
}
default{
LogMessage("NoReturn")
break
}
}
if (!$protectionEnabled)
{
LogMessage("Bitlocker isn’t enabled on the OS")
return $False
}
$ProtectorIds = $BitLocker.GetKeyProtectors("0").volumekeyprotectorID
$return = $False
foreach ($ProtectorID in $ProtectorIds){
$KeyProtectorType = $BitLocker.GetKeyProtectorType($ProtectorID).KeyProtectorType
switch($KeyProtectorType){
"1"{
LogMessage("Trusted Platform Module (TPM)")
$return = $True
break
}
"4"{
LogMessage("TPM And PIN")
$return = $True
break
}
"5"{
LogMessage("TPM And Startup Key")
$return = $True
break
}
"6"{
LogMessage("TPM And PIN And Startup Key")
$return = $True
break
}
default {break}
}#endSwitch
}#EndForeach
if ($return)
{
LogMessage("Has TPM-based protector")
}
else
{
LogMessage("Doesn't have TPM-based protector")
}
return $return
}
function SetRegistrykeyForSuccess
{
reg add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PushButtonReset /v WinREPathScriptSucceed /d 1 /f
}
function TargetfileVersionExam([string]$mountDir)
{
# Exam target binary
$targetBinary=$mountDir + "\Windows\System32\bootmenuux.dll"
LogMessage("TargetFile: " + $targetBinary)
$realNTVersion = [Diagnostics.FileVersionInfo]::GetVersionInfo($targetBinary).ProductVersion
$versionString = "$($realNTVersion.Split('.')[0]).$($realNTVersion.Split('.')[1])"
$fileVersion = $($realNTVersion.Split('.')[2])
$fileRevision = $($realNTVersion.Split('.')[3])
LogMessage("Target file version: " + $realNTVersion)
if (!($versionString -eq "10.0"))
{
LogMessage("Not Windows 10 or later")
return $False
}
$hasUpdated = $False
#Windows 10, version 1507 10240.19567
#Windows 10, version 1607 14393.5499
#Windows 10, version 1809 17763.3646
#Windows 10, version 2004 1904X.2247
#Windows 11, version 21H2 22000.1215
#Windows 11, version 22H2 22621.815
switch ($fileVersion) {
"10240" {
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1507")
if ($fileRevision -ge 19567)
{
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1507 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 19567, updates have been applied")
$hasUpdated = $True
}
break
}
"14393" {
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1607")
if ($fileRevision -ge 5499)
{
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1607 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 5499, updates have been applied")
$hasUpdated = $True
}
break
}
"17763" {
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1809")
if ($fileRevision -ge 3646)
{
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1809 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 3646, updates have been applied")
$hasUpdated = $True
}
break
}
"19041" {
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 2004")
if ($fileRevision -ge 2247)
{
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 2004 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 2247, updates have been applied")
$hasUpdated = $True
}
break
}
"22000" {
LogMessage("Windows 11, version 21H2")
if ($fileRevision -ge 1215)
{
LogMessage("Windows 11, version 21H2 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 1215, updates have been applied")
$hasUpdated = $True
}
break
}
"22621" {
LogMessage("Windows 11, version 22H2")
if ($fileRevision -ge 815)
{
LogMessage("Windows 11, version 22H2 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 815, updates have been applied")
$hasUpdated = $True
}
break
}
default {
LogMessage("Warning: unsupported OS version")
}
}
return $hasUpdated
}
function PatchPackage([string]$mountDir, [string]$packagePath)
{
# Exam target binary
$hasUpdated =TargetfileVersionExam($mountDir)
if ($hasUpdated)
{
LogMessage("The update has already been added to WinRE")
SetRegistrykeyForSuccess
return $False
}
# Add package
LogMessage("Apply package:" + $packagePath)
Dism /Add-Package /Image:$mountDir /PackagePath:$packagePath
if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)
{
LogMessage("Successfully applied the package")
}
else
{
LogMessage("Applying the package failed with exit code: " + $LASTEXITCODE)
return $False
}
# Cleanup recovery image
LogMessage("Cleanup image")
Dism /image:$mountDir /cleanup-image /StartComponentCleanup /ResetBase
if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)
{
LogMessage("Cleanup image succeed")
}
else
{
LogMessage("Cleanup image failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)
return $False
}
return $True
}
# ------------------------------------
# Execution starts
# ------------------------------------
# Check breadcrumb
if (Test-Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PushButtonReset)
{
$values = Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PushButtonReset
if (!(-not $values))
{
if (Get-Member -InputObject $values -Name WinREPathScriptSucceed)
{
$value = Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PushButtonReset -Name WinREPathScriptSucceed
if ($value.WinREPathScriptSucceed -eq 1)
{
LogMessage("This script was previously run successfully")
exit 1
}
}
}
}
if ([string]::IsNullorEmpty($workDir))
{
LogMessage("No input for mount directory")
LogMessage("Use default path from temporary directory")
$workDir = [System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()
}
LogMessage("Working Dir: " + $workDir)
$name = "CA551926-299B-27A55276EC22_Mount"
$mountDir = Join-Path $workDir $name
LogMessage("MountDir: " + $mountdir)
# Delete existing mount directory
if (Test-Path $mountDir)
{
LogMessage("Mount directory: " + $mountDir + " already exists")
LogMessage("Try to unmount it")
Dism /unmount-image /mountDir:$mountDir /discard
if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0))
{
LogMessage("Warning: unmount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)
}
LogMessage("Delete existing mount direcotry " + $mountDir)
Remove-Item $mountDir -Recurse
}
# Create mount directory
LogMessage("Create mount directory " + $mountDir)
New-Item -Path $mountDir -ItemType Directory
# Set ACL for mount directory
LogMessage("Set ACL for mount directory")
icacls $mountDir /inheritance:r
icacls $mountDir /grant:r SYSTEM:"(OI)(CI)(F)"
icacls $mountDir /grant:r *S-1-5-32-544:"(OI)(CI)(F)"
# Mount WinRE
LogMessage("Mount WinRE:")
reagentc /mountre /path $mountdir
if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)
{
# Patch WinRE
if (PatchPackage -mountDir $mountDir -packagePath $packagePath)
{
$hasUpdated = TargetfileVersionExam($mountDir)
if ($hasUpdated)
{
LogMessage("After patch, find expected version for target file")
}
else
{
LogMessage("Warning: After applying the patch, unexpected version found for the target file")
}
LogMessage("Patch succeed, unmount to commit change")
Dism /unmount-image /mountDir:$mountDir /commit
if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0))
{
LogMessage("Unmount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)
exit 1
}
else
{
if ($hasUpdated)
{
if (IsTPMBasedProtector)
{
# Disable WinRE and re-enable it to let new WinRE be trusted by BitLocker
LogMessage("Disable WinRE")
reagentc /disable
LogMessage("Re-enable WinRE")
reagentc /enable
reagentc /info
}
# Leave a breadcrumb indicates the script has succeed
SetRegistrykeyForSuccess
}
}
}
else
{
LogMessage("Patch failed or is not applicable, discard unmount")
Dism /unmount-image /mountDir:$mountDir /discard
if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0))
{
LogMessage("Unmount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)
exit 1
}
}
}
else
{
LogMessage("Mount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)
}
# Cleanup Mount directory in the end
LogMessage("Delete mount direcotry")
Remove-Item $mountDir -Recurse
PatchWinREScript_General.ps1
Dit script is voor Windows 10, versie 1909 en eerdere versies, maar wordt uitgevoerd op alle versies van Windows 10 en Windows 11.
################################################################################################
#
# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
# Licensed under the MIT License.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED *AS IS*, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
#
################################################################################################
Param (
[Parameter(HelpMessage="Work Directory for patch WinRE")][string]$workDir="",
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,HelpMessage="Path of target package")][string]$packagePath
)
# ------------------------------------
# Help functions
# ------------------------------------
# Log message
function LogMessage([string]$message)
{
$message = "$([DateTime]::Now) - $message"
Write-Host $message
}
function IsTPMBasedProtector
{
$DriveLetter = $env:SystemDrive
LogMessage("Checking BitLocker status")
$BitLocker = Get-WmiObject -Namespace "Root\cimv2\Security\MicrosoftVolumeEncryption" -Class "Win32_EncryptableVolume" -Filter "DriveLetter = '$DriveLetter'"
if(-not $BitLocker)
{
LogMessage("No BitLocker object")
return $False
}
$protectionEnabled = $False
switch ($BitLocker.GetProtectionStatus().protectionStatus){
("0"){
LogMessage("Unprotected")
break
}
("1"){
LogMessage("Protected")
$protectionEnabled = $True
break
}
("2"){
LogMessage("Uknown")
break
}
default{
LogMessage("NoReturn")
break
}
}
if (!$protectionEnabled)
{
LogMessage("Bitlocker isn’t enabled on the OS")
return $False
}
$ProtectorIds = $BitLocker.GetKeyProtectors("0").volumekeyprotectorID
$return = $False
foreach ($ProtectorID in $ProtectorIds){
$KeyProtectorType = $BitLocker.GetKeyProtectorType($ProtectorID).KeyProtectorType
switch($KeyProtectorType){
"1"{
LogMessage("Trusted Platform Module (TPM)")
$return = $True
break
}
"4"{
LogMessage("TPM And PIN")
$return = $True
break
}
"5"{
LogMessage("TPM And Startup Key")
$return = $True
break
}
"6"{
LogMessage("TPM And PIN And Startup Key")
$return = $True
break
}
default {break}
}#endSwitch
}#EndForeach
if ($return)
{
LogMessage("Has TPM-based protector")
}
else
{
LogMessage("Doesn't have TPM-based protector")
}
return $return
}
function SetRegistrykeyForSuccess
{
reg add HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PushButtonReset /v WinREPathScriptSucceed /d 1 /f
}
function TargetfileVersionExam([string]$mountDir)
{
# Exam target binary
$targetBinary=$mountDir + "\Windows\System32\bootmenuux.dll"
LogMessage("TargetFile: " + $targetBinary)
$realNTVersion = [Diagnostics.FileVersionInfo]::GetVersionInfo($targetBinary).ProductVersion
$versionString = "$($realNTVersion.Split('.')[0]).$($realNTVersion.Split('.')[1])"
$fileVersion = $($realNTVersion.Split('.')[2])
$fileRevision = $($realNTVersion.Split('.')[3])
LogMessage("Target file version: " + $realNTVersion)
if (!($versionString -eq "10.0"))
{
LogMessage("Not Windows 10 or later")
return $False
}
$hasUpdated = $False
#Windows 10, version 1507 10240.19567
#Windows 10, version 1607 14393.5499
#Windows 10, version 1809 17763.3646
#Windows 10, version 2004 1904X.2247
#Windows 11, version 21H2 22000.1215
#Windows 11, version 22H2 22621.815
switch ($fileVersion) {
"10240" {
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1507")
if ($fileRevision -ge 19567)
{
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1507 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 19567, updates have been applied")
$hasUpdated = $True
}
break
}
"14393" {
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1607")
if ($fileRevision -ge 5499)
{
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1607 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 5499, updates have been applied")
$hasUpdated = $True
}
break
}
"17763" {
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1809")
if ($fileRevision -ge 3646)
{
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 1809 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 3646, updates have been applied")
$hasUpdated = $True
}
break
}
"19041" {
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 2004")
if ($fileRevision -ge 2247)
{
LogMessage("Windows 10, version 2004 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 2247, updates have been applied")
$hasUpdated = $True
}
break
}
"22000" {
LogMessage("Windows 11, version 21H2")
if ($fileRevision -ge 1215)
{
LogMessage("Windows 11, version 21H2 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 1215, updates have been applied")
$hasUpdated = $True
}
break
}
"22621" {
LogMessage("Windows 11, version 22H2")
if ($fileRevision -ge 815)
{
LogMessage("Windows 11, version 22H2 with revision " + $fileRevision + " >= 815, updates have been applied")
$hasUpdated = $True
}
break
}
default {
LogMessage("Warning: unsupported OS version")
}
}
return $hasUpdated
}
function PatchPackage([string]$mountDir, [string]$packagePath)
{
# Exam target binary
$hasUpdated = TargetfileVersionExam($mountDir)
if ($hasUpdated)
{
LogMessage("The update has already been added to WinRE")
SetRegistrykeyForSuccess
return $False
}
# Add package
LogMessage("Apply package:" + $packagePath)
Dism /Add-Package /Image:$mountDir /PackagePath:$packagePath
if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)
{
LogMessage("Successfully applied the package")
}
else
{
LogMessage("Applying the package failed with exit code: " + $LASTEXITCODE)
return $False
}
# Cleanup recovery image
LogMessage("Cleanup image")
Dism /image:$mountDir /cleanup-image /StartComponentCleanup /ResetBase
if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)
{
LogMessage("Cleanup image succeed")
}
else
{
LogMessage("Cleanup image failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)
return $False
}
return $True
}
# ------------------------------------
# Execution starts
# ------------------------------------
# Check breadcrumb
if (Test-Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PushButtonReset)
{
$values = Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PushButtonReset
if (!(-not $values))
{
if (Get-Member -InputObject $values -Name WinREPathScriptSucceed)
{
$value = Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\PushButtonReset -Name WinREPathScriptSucceed
if ($value.WinREPathScriptSucceed -eq 1)
{
LogMessage("This script was previously run successfully")
exit 1
}
}
}
}
# Get WinRE info
$WinREInfo = Reagentc /info
$findLocation = $False
foreach ($line in $WinREInfo)
{
$params = $line.Split(':')
if ($params.count -le 1)
{
continue
}
if ($params[1].Lenght -eq 0)
{
continue
}
$content = $params[1].Trim()
if ($content.Lenght -eq 0)
{
continue
}
$index = $content.IndexOf("\\?\")
if ($index -ge 0)
{
LogMessage("Find \\?\ at " + $index + " for [" + $content + "]")
$WinRELocation = $content
$findLocation = $True
}
}
if (!$findLocation)
{
LogMessage("WinRE Disabled")
exit 1
}
LogMessage("WinRE Enabled. WinRE location:" + $WinRELocation)
$WinREFile = $WinRELocation + "\winre.wim"
if ([string]::IsNullorEmpty($workDir))
{
LogMessage("No input for mount directory")
LogMessage("Use default path from temporary directory")
$workDir = [System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()
}
LogMessage("Working Dir: " + $workDir)
$name = "CA551926-299B-27A55276EC22_Mount"
$mountDir = Join-Path $workDir $name
LogMessage("MountDir: " + $mountdir)
# Delete existing mount directory
if (Test-Path $mountDir)
{
LogMessage("Mount directory: " + $mountDir + " already exists")
LogMessage("Try to unmount it")
Dism /unmount-image /mountDir:$mountDir /discard
if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0))
{
LogMessage("Warning: unmount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)
}
LogMessage("Delete existing mount direcotry " + $mountDir)
Remove-Item $mountDir -Recurse
}
# Create mount directory
LogMessage("Create mount directory " + $mountDir)
New-Item -Path $mountDir -ItemType Directory
# Set ACL for mount directory
LogMessage("Set ACL for mount directory")
icacls $mountDir /inheritance:r
icacls $mountDir /grant:r SYSTEM:"(OI)(CI)(F)"
icacls $mountDir /grant:r *S-1-5-32-544:"(OI)(CI)(F)"
# Mount WinRE
LogMessage("Mount WinRE:")
Dism /mount-image /imagefile:$WinREFile /index:1 /mountdir:$mountDir
if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)
{
# Patch WinRE
if (PatchPackage -mountDir $mountDir -packagePath $packagePath)
{
$hasUpdated = TargetfileVersionExam($mountDir)
if ($hasUpdated)
{
LogMessage("After patch, find expected version for target file")
}
else
{
LogMessage("Warning: After applying the patch, unexpected version found for the target file")
}
LogMessage("Patch succeed, unmount to commit change")
Dism /unmount-image /mountDir:$mountDir /commit
if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0))
{
LogMessage("Unmount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)
exit 1
}
else
{
if ($hasUpdated)
{
if (IsTPMBasedProtector)
{
# Disable WinRE and re-enable it to let new WinRE be trusted by BitLocker
LogMessage("Disable WinRE")
reagentc /disable
LogMessage("Re-enable WinRE")
reagentc /enable
reagentc /info
}
# Leave a breadcrumb indicates the script has succeed
SetRegistrykeyForSuccess
}
}
}
else
{
LogMessage("Patch failed or is not applicable, discard unmount")
Dism /unmount-image /mountDir:$mountDir /discard
if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0))
{
LogMessage("Unmount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)
exit 1
}
}
}
else
{
LogMessage("Mount failed: " + $LASTEXITCODE)
}
# Cleanup Mount directory in the end
LogMessage("Delete mount direcotry")
Remove-Item $mountDir -Recurse
Meer informatie
Wanneer het apparaat is opgestart in de actieve versie van Windows die op het apparaat is geïnstalleerd, voert het script de volgende stappen uit:
-
Koppel de bestaande WinRE-installatiekopieën (WINRE. WIM).
-
Werk de WinRE-installatiekopieën bij met het opgegeven pakket voor dynamische besturingssysteemupdate (compatibiliteitsupdate) dat beschikbaar is in de Windows Update-catalogus. U wordt aangeraden de meest recente dynamische update voor het veilige besturingssysteem te gebruiken voor de versie van Windows die op het apparaat is geïnstalleerd.
-
Ontkoppel de WinRE-installatiekopieën.
-
Als de BitLocker TPM-beveiliging aanwezig is, configureert u WinRE opnieuw voor de BitLocker-service.
Belangrijk Deze stap is niet aanwezig in de meeste scripts van derden voor het toepassen van updates op de WinRE-installatiekopieën.
Gebruik
De volgende parameters kunnen worden doorgegeven aan het script:
|
Parameter |
Beschrijving |
|---|---|
|
workDir |
<Optionele> Hiermee geeft u de scratchruimte op die wordt gebruikt om WinRE te patchen. Als dit niet is opgegeven, gebruikt het script de standaard tijdelijke map voor het apparaat. |
|
packagePath |
<vereiste> Hiermee geeft u het pad en de naam van het besturingssysteem-versie-specifieke en processor architectuur-specifieke Safe OS Dynamic update pakket te worden gebruikt voor het bijwerken van de WinRE-installatiekopieën. Voorbeeld: |
