Use the XLOOKUP function to find things in a table or range by row. For example, look up the price of an automotive part by the part number, or find an employee name based on their employee ID.

COUNTIF function. Use COUNTIF, one of the statistical functions, to count the number of cells that meet a criterion; for example, to count the number of times a particular city appears in a customer list. In its simplest form, COUNTIF says:

The INDEX function returns a value or the reference to a value from within a table or range. There are two ways to use the INDEX function: If you want to return the value of a specified cell or array of cells, see Array form. If you want to return a reference to specified cells, see Reference form.

How to use the SUMIFS function in Excel, one of Excel’s math and trig functions, to add arguments that meet multiple criteria.

How to use the SUMPRODUCT function in Excel, one of Excel’s math and trig functions, using multiplication, addition, subtraction, and/or division to return the sum of the products of corresponding ranges or arrays.

How to use the SUM function in Excel to add individual values, cell references, ranges, or a mix of all three.