Math and trigonometry functions (reference)

Applies To
Excel for Microsoft 365 Excel for Microsoft 365 for Mac Excel 2024 Excel 2024 for Mac Excel 2021 Excel 2021 for Mac Excel 2019 Excel 2016

To get detailed information about a function, click its name in the first column.

Function Description
ABS function Returns the absolute value of a number
ACOS function Returns the arccosine of a number
ACOSH function Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
ACOT function
Excel 2013
Returns the arccotangent of a number
ACOTH function
Excel 2013
Returns the hyperbolic arccotangent of a number
AGGREGATE function Returns the aggregate in a list or database
ARABIC function
Excel 2013
Converts a Roman number to Arabic, as a number
ASIN function Returns the arcsine of a number
ASINH function Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
ATAN function Returns the arctangent of a number
ATAN2 function Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
ATANH function Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
BASE function
Excel 2013
Converts a number into a text representation with the given radix (base)
CEILING function Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
CEILING.MATH function
Excel 2013
Rounds a number up, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
CEILING.PRECISE function Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.
COMBIN function Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects
COMBINA function
Excel 2013
Returns the number of combinations with repetitions for a given number of items
COS function Returns the cosine of a number
COSH function Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
COT function
Excel 2013
Returns the cotangent of an angle
COTH function
Excel 2013
Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of a number
CSC function
Excel 2013
Returns the cosecant of an angle
CSCH function
Excel 2013
Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle
DECIMAL function
Excel 2013
Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number
DEGREES function Converts radians to degrees
EVEN function Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
EXP function Returns e raised to the power of a given number
FACT function Returns the factorial of a number
FACTDOUBLE function Returns the double factorial of a number
FLOOR function Rounds a number down, toward zero
FLOOR.MATH function
Excel 2013
Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
FLOOR.PRECISE function Rounds a number down to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded down.
GCD function Returns the greatest common divisor
INT function Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
ISO.CEILING function
Excel 2013
Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
LCM function Returns the least common multiple
LN function Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG function Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
LOG10 function Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
MDETERM function Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MINVERSE function Returns the matrix inverse of an array
MMULT function Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD function Returns the remainder from division
MROUND function Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple
MULTINOMIAL function Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers
MUNIT function
Excel 2013
Returns the unit matrix or the specified dimension
ODD function Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
PI function Returns the value of pi
POWER function Returns the result of a number raised to a power
PRODUCT function Multiplies its arguments
QUOTIENT function Returns the integer portion of a division
RADIANS function Converts degrees to radians
RAND function Returns a random number between 0 and 1
RANDARRAY function Office 365 button Returns an array of random numbers between 0 and 1. However, you can specify the number of rows and columns to fill, minimum and maximum values, and whether to return whole numbers or decimal values.
RANDBETWEEN function Returns a random number between the numbers you specify
ROMAN function Converts an Arabic numeral to Roman, as text
ROUND function Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
ROUNDDOWN function Rounds a number down, toward zero
ROUNDUP function Rounds a number up, away from zero
SEC function
Excel 2013
Returns the secant of an angle
SECH function
Excel 2013
Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle
SERIESSUM function Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula
SIGN function Returns the sign of a number
SIN function Returns the sine of the given angle
SINH function Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SQRT function Returns a positive square root
SQRTPI function Returns the square root of (number * pi)
SUBTOTAL function Returns a subtotal in a list or database
SUM function Adds its arguments
SUMIF function Adds the cells specified by a given criteria
SUMIFS function Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria
SUMPRODUCT function Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components
SUMSQ function Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments
SUMX2MY2 function Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMX2PY2 function Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMXMY2 function Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays
TAN function Returns the tangent of a number
TANH function Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TRUNC function Truncates a number to an integer

Important

The calculated results of formulas and some Excel worksheet functions may differ slightly between a Windows PC using x86 or x86-64 architecture and a Windows RT PC using ARM architecture. Learn more about the differences.