Fix a corrupted user profile - Microsoft Support
In case your user profile gets corrupted, here are the steps to create a new one. Add a new user account and configure it as an administrator. For detailed steps, see the article Manage user accounts in Windows Sign in with the newly created account and copy the files from the corrupted profile:
Use the System File Checker tool to repair missing or corrupted system ...
Describes how to use the System File Checker tool to troubleshoot missing or corrupted system files in Windows.
"We can't sign in to your account" error message - Microsoft Support
If you still can't sign in, try creating a new local administrator account, sign in to that new account, then follow the steps in Fix a corrupted user profile to copy your personal data from the old profile into the newly created one.
Troubleshoot Problems Signing In to Windows - Microsoft Support
Learn how to troubleshoot Windows sign in issues, including problems signing in to your Windows device after upgrading.
Startup Repair - Microsoft Support
It scans your computer for the problem and then tries to fix it so your computer can start correctly. This tool is particularly useful when your computer is experiencing issues such as missing or damaged system files, corrupted boot configuration data, or other startup-related problems.
Automatically diagnose and repair Windows file and folder problems ...
Troubleshoots and fixes common issues with file and folder operations in Windows.
About the troubleshooter for Windows logon - Microsoft Support
This article describes the problem addressed by the Windows logon recommended troubleshooter, what it does to mitigate the problem, and the conditions that can cause it to run.
Automatically fix Windows security issues - Microsoft Support
Follow these steps to automatically diagnose and repair Windows security problems by turning on UAC, DEP protection, Windows Firewall, and other Windows security options and features.
Windows troubleshooters - Microsoft Support
Get Help has troubleshooters, or diagnostic tests, that can check your system configuration for anything that might be causing issues using your devices. View troubleshooter results. After you run any troubleshooter, Get Help provides details on any findings and suggestions for possible remedies.
Windows recovery environment - Microsoft Support
Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE) is a set of built‑in Windows tools designed to help troubleshoot and fix common system problems. If your PC has trouble starting, Windows RE can automatically launch and attempt to repair the issue.