Symptoms
When you join two columns of a table in SQL Server 2017, you may receive an Access Violation error. This error occurs when the join condition is implicit and when adaptive joins are permitted, even if the estimated plan does not show an Adaptive Join operator.
Status
Microsoft has confirmed that this is a problem in the Microsoft products that are listed in the "Applies to" section.
Resolution
This issue is fixed in the following cumulative update for SQL Server:
Note The fix available here is not to address the corruption, but it will avoid the AV and provide more meaningful information as output to indicate the corruption is in the index.
About cumulative updates for SQL Server:
Each new cumulative update for SQL Server contains all the hotfixes and all the security fixes that were included with the previous cumulative update. Check out the latest cumulative updates for SQL Server:
References
Learn about the terminology that Microsoft uses to describe software updates.